Role of Resistance Training in Mitigating Risk for Mobility Disability in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Prevett, Christina; Moncion, Kevin; Phillips, Stuart M.; Richardson, Julie; Tang, Ada

doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2022.04.002

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Aging is a significant predictor of mobility impairment, with this reduced mobility exacerbating chronic disease [ 34 , 35 ]. Numerous reviews demonstrate that resistance exercise in pre-frail and frail older adults can significantly enhance muscular strength, gait speed, and physical performance [ 36 , 37 ]. While higher load resistance exercise (i.e., ≥ 70% of 1RM) has been suggested to be more effective than lower load in mitigating the impairment of mobility [ 38 ], heterogeneity between studies complicates their comparison and makes it difficult to determine whether one loading condition is superior to another.…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Responses and Adaptations to Lower Load Resistance Training: Implications for Health and Performance

et al. 2023

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Resistance training is a method of enhancing strength, gait speed, mobility, and health. However, the external load required to induce these benefits is a contentious issue. A growing body of evidence suggests that when lower load resistance training [i.e., loads < 50% of one-repetition maximum (1RM)] is completed within close proximity to concentric failure, it can serve as an effective alternative to traditional higher load (i.e., loads > 70% of 1RM) training and in many cases can promote similar or even superior physiological adaptations. Such findings are important given that confidence with external loads and access to training facilities and equipment are commonly cited barriers to regular resistance training. Here, we review some of the mechanisms and physiological changes in response to lower load resistance training. We also consider the evidence for applying lower loads for those at risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and those with reduced mobility. Finally, we provide practical recommendations, specifically that to maximize the benefits of lower load resistance training, high levels of effort and training in close proximity to concentric failure are required. Additionally, using lower loads 2–3 times per week with 3–4 sets per exercise, and loads no lower than 30% of 1RM can enhance muscle hypertrophy and strength adaptations. Consequently, implementing lower load resistance training can be a beneficial and viable resistance training method for a wide range of fitness- and health-related goals.

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Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Responses and Adaptations to Lower Load Resistance Training: Implications for Health and Performance

et al. 2023

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“…With respect to gait, longitudinal reductions in knee extension strength (KES) predict declines in gait speed, independent of changes in body composition [ 12 ]. Improvements in strength through resistance training interventions elicit positive changes in gait speed and mobility outcomes [ 13 , 14 ], suggesting a clear causal link between strength and physical function in aging adults. As such, in their most recent consensus statement, the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) proposed that muscle strength, due to its reliability in assessing skeletal muscle health, be the primary parameter of sarcopenia, or the age-related reduction in skeletal muscle function [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sit-to-Stand Power Is a Stronger Predictor of Gait Speed than Knee Extension Strength

Steinbrink,

Martinez,

Swartz

et al. 2024

JFMK

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With a growing aging population, the routine assessment of physical function may become a critical component of clinical practice. The purpose of this cross-sectional study is to compare two common assessments of muscular function: (1) isometric knee extension strength (KES) and (2) sit-to-stand (STS) muscle power tests, in predicting objective physical function (i.e., gait speed) in aging adults. 84 adults (56% female, mean (SD) age = 66.6 (9.4) years) had their relative KES, STS power, usual gait speed (UGS), and fast gait speed (FGS) assessed. Multiple linear regression examined the associations between KES, STS power, and gait outcomes. When entered in separate models, KES and STS power were both independently associated with UGS and FGS (Std. β = 0.35–0.44 and 0.42–0.55 for KES and STS power, respectively). When entered in the same model, STS power was associated with UGS and FGS (Std. β = 0.37 [95%CI: 0.15, 0.58] and 0.51 [95%CI: 0.31, 0.70], respectively), while KES was only associated with FGS (Std. β = 0.25 [95%CI: 0.02, 0.48]). STS power seems to be a valid indicator of function in aging adults. Its feasibility as a screening tool for “low” function in the primary care setting should be explored.

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“…RET has been shown to increase skeletal muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in healthy older people or those with an increased risk of Sarcopenia [9][10][11][12]. Furthermore, RET has been shown to be superior in improving muscle strength of the upper and lower extremities, handgrip strength, depressive symptoms, physical performance, walking speed, and distance compared with other exercise modalities in healthy, sarcopenic, and hospitalized older people [9][10][11][12][13]. In addition, RET is an excellent, costeffective modality for reducing frailty and the risk of falls in healthy older people [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Whey Protein Supplementation during Resistance Exercise Training on Skeletal Muscle Mass and Strength in Older People with Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cuyul-Vásquez,

Pezo-Navarrete,

Vargas-Arriagada

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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Objective: To determine the effectiveness of whey protein (WP) supplementation during resistance exercise training (RET) vs. RET with or without placebo supplementation on skeletal muscle mass, strength, and physical performance in older people with Sarcopenia. Methods: Electronic searches in the PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, SPORTDiscus, Epistemonikos, and CINAHL databases were performed until 20 January 2023. Randomized clinical trials conducted on sarcopenic adults aged 60 or older were included. The studies had to compare the effectiveness of the addition of supplements based on concentrated, isolated, or hydrolyzed whey protein during RET and compare it with RET with or without placebo supplementation on skeletal muscle mass and strength changes. The study selection process, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were carried out by two independent reviewers. Results: Seven randomized clinical trials (591 participants) were included, and five of them provided data for quantitative synthesis. The overall pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) estimate showed a small effect size in favor of RET plus WP for skeletal muscle mass according to appendicular muscle index, with statistically significant differences compared with RET with or without the placebo group (SMD = 0.24; 95% CI, 0.05 to 0.42; p = 0.01; I2 = 0%, p = 0.42). The overall pooled mean difference (MD) estimate showed a significant difference of +2.31 kg (MD = 2.31 kg; 95% CI, 0.01 to 4.6; p = 0.05; I2 = 81%, p < 0.001) in handgrip strength in the RET plus WP group compared with the RET group with or without placebo. The narrative synthesis revealed discordance between the results of the studies on physical performance. Conclusions: WP supplementation during RET is more effective in increasing handgrip strength and skeletal muscle mass in older people with Sarcopenia compared with RET with or without placebo supplementation. However, the effect sizes were small, and the MD did not exceed the minimally important clinical difference. The quality of the evidence was low to very low according, to the GRADE approach. Further research is needed in this field.

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Role of Resistance Training in Mitigating Risk for Mobility Disability in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Cited by 6 publications

References 51 publications

Physiological Responses and Adaptations to Lower Load Resistance Training: Implications for Health and Performance

Physiological Responses and Adaptations to Lower Load Resistance Training: Implications for Health and Performance

Sit-to-Stand Power Is a Stronger Predictor of Gait Speed than Knee Extension Strength

Effectiveness of Whey Protein Supplementation during Resistance Exercise Training on Skeletal Muscle Mass and Strength in Older People with Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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