Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in the Neural and Hormonal Regulation of the PNMT Gene in PC12 Cells

Crispo, James A.G.; Ansell, Dominique; Ubriaco, Gino; Tai, T.C.

doi:10.1155/2011/756938

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Our strong hypothesis is that a third regulatory mechanism, analogous to that described in the preceding part, accounts for this unexpected result: an increase in cellular oxygenation triggers a decrease in HIFs and intracellular oxidative stress, thereby inhibiting PNMT expression [34,35]. This suppressing mechanism is the only one, which can dominate over the aforementioned stimulating ones and effect the adrenaline decrease observed here.…”

Section: Changes In Adrenaline and Cell Oxygen Supplysupporting

confidence: 65%

Dry Fasting Physiology: Responses to Hypovolemia and Hypertonicity

Papagiannopoulos-Vatopaidinos

Papagiannopoulou

Sideris

2020

Complement Med Res

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The aim of this study was to provide a deeper insight into dry fasting (DF) physiology. Design: Ten participants performed DF for 5 consecutive days. Methods: The following parameters were monitored daily: cortisol, aldosterone, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), erythropoietin, albumin, uric acid, and vitamin C in serum; vasopressin (ADH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), renin, angiotensin II, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in plasma; hematocrit and erythrocytes in whole blood; osmolality, noradrenaline, dopamine, adrenaline, Na + , and K + in 24-h urine; waist circumference and body, urine, and stool weight. Results: The following parameters increased: ADH (60 ± 11%), ACTH (176 ± 34%), cortisol (495 ± 75%), urine osmolality (20 ± 4%), CRP (167 ± 77%), renin (315 ± 63%), angiotensin II (74 ± 21%), aldosterone (61 ± 21%), TAC (80.4 ± 17%), uric acid (103 ± 19%), albumin (18.4 ± 2.4%), erythrocytes (13.4 ± 2.2%), hematocrit (11 ± 1.8%), and the excretion of noradrenaline (40.3 ± 10%) and dopamine (17 ± 5%). The following parameters decreased: waist circumference (8.20 ± 0.61 cm), body weight (7.010 ± 0.3 kg), erythropoietin (65 ± 18%), and the excretion of adrenaline (38 ± 4%) and Na + (60 ± 16%). The excretion of K + remained unchanged. Vitamin C decreased, showing a half-life of 4.8 ± 0.7 days. The percent ratios of lost weight components were: urine (52.2 ± 3.7%), insensible water loss (32.2 ± 1.4%), stool (5 ± 0.3%), and respiratory gases, i.e., expired CO 2-incorporated O 2 (10.6 ± 5.4%). Conclusion: The mechanisms underlying the hypertonicity and hypovolemia compensation and the ratio analysis of lost weight components were presented. DF demonstrated short-term antioxidant, anti-ischemic, immune-stimulating, anti-edematous, and anti-inflammatory effects. The results may have an impact on developing new concepts for the treatment of edema, obesity, and inflammatory and ischemic diseases.

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Section: Changes In Adrenaline and Cell Oxygen Supplysupporting

confidence: 65%

Dry Fasting Physiology: Responses to Hypovolemia and Hypertonicity

Papagiannopoulos-Vatopaidinos

Papagiannopoulou

Sideris

2020

Complement Med Res

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“…Furthermore, estrogen plays a protective role on the cardiovascular system via its ability to reduce ROS production and increase antioxidant enzyme levels [41]. ROS levels impact gene expression and have been shown to alter the expression of PNMT [42]. Dex exposure results in reduced NE levels (Figures 8(a) and 8(b)), potentially a result of increased PNMT to mediate conversion of NE to Epi.…”

Section: The Role Of Epigenetics In Ca Biosynthesis In Gc-mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of DNMT and HDACs in the Fetal Programming of Hypertension by Glucocorticoids

LaMothe

Khurana

Tharmalingam

et al. 2020

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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The causes of hypertension are complex and involve both genetic and environmental factors. Environment changes during fetal development have been linked to adult diseases including hypertension. Studies show that timed in utero exposure to the synthetic glucocorticoid (GC) dexamethasone (Dex) results in the development of hypertension in adult rats. Evidence suggests that in utero stress can alter patterns of gene expression, possibly a result of alterations in the topology of the genome by epigenetic markers such as DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). The objective of this study was to determine the effects of epigenetic regulators in the fetal programming and the development of adult hypertension. Specifically, this research examined the effects of the HDAC inhibitor valproic acid (VPA) and the DNMT inhibitor 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5aza2DC) on blood pressure (BP) and gene expression in prenatal Dex-programmed rats. Data suggest that both VPA and 5aza2DC attenuated the Dex-mediated development of hypertension and restored BP to control levels. Epigenetic DNMT inhibition (DNMTi) or HDAC inhibition (HDACi) also successfully attenuated elevations in the majority of altered catecholamine (CA) enzyme expression, phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) protein, and elevated epinephrine (Epi) levels in males. Although females responded to HDACi similar to males, DNMTi drove increased glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and PNMT expression and elevations in circulating Epi in females despite showing normotensive BP.

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“…Then, PNMT is another differentially expressed protein that we verified in this study. PNMT is an adrenal enzyme that biosynthesizes epinephrine from norepinephrine, and a key determinant of epinephrine production in adrenal chromaffin cells upon acute and chronic stress ( 33 , 34 ). Thus, PNMT is a marker of adrenergic cells ( 35 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical identification of expressed proteins in adrenal medullary hyperplasia detected with hypertension

Wang

Lai

et al. 2022

Front. Endocrinol.

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BackgroundHypertension remains a challenging public health problem worldwide, and adrenal gland-related diseases are one class of the major causes for secondary hypertension. Among them, one relatively rare pattern is adrenal hyperplastic hypertension caused by adrenal medullary hyperplasia (AMH), leading to excessive secretion of autonomic catecholamine. Given that the pathological changes of adrenal medulla are not well correlated to the onset and even severity of secondary hypertension, the molecular basis why some AMH patients are accompanied with hypertension remains unclear and is worth exploring.AimsFor this reason, this study aims at investigating differentially expressed proteins in clinical AMH tissue, with special focus on the potential contribution of these differentially expressed proteins to AMH development, in order to have a better understanding of mechanisms how AMH leads to secondary hypertension to some extent.Methods and resultsTo this end, AMH specimens were successfully obtained and verified through computed tomography (CT) and haematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Proteomic analyses of AMH and control tissues revealed 782 kinds of differentially expressed proteins. Compared with the control tissue, there were 357 types of upregulated proteins and 425 types of downregulated proteins detected in AMH tissue. Of interest, these differentially expressed proteins were significantly enriched in 60 gene ontology terms (P < 0.05), including 28 biological process terms, 14 molecular function terms, and 18 cellular component terms. Pathway analysis further indicated that 306 proteins exert their functions in at least one Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway. Western blotting showed enhanced expression of phenylethanolamine N- methyltransferase (PNMT), myelin protein zero (MPZ), and Ras-related protein Rab-3C (RAB3C), and reduced expression of cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) observed in AMH tissue in comparison with controls.ConclusionsClinical AMH specimens display a different proteomic profile compared to control tissue. Of note, PNMT, MPZ, RAB3C, and CD36 are found to differentially expressed and can be potential targets for AMH, providing a theoretical basis for mechanistic exploration of AMH along with hypertension.

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Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in the Neural and Hormonal Regulation of the PNMT Gene in PC12 Cells

Cited by 9 publications

References 44 publications

Dry Fasting Physiology: Responses to Hypovolemia and Hypertonicity

Dry Fasting Physiology: Responses to Hypovolemia and Hypertonicity

The Role of DNMT and HDACs in the Fetal Programming of Hypertension by Glucocorticoids

Clinical identification of expressed proteins in adrenal medullary hyperplasia detected with hypertension

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