Role of RcsF in Signaling to the Rcs Phosphorelay Pathway in<i>Escherichia coli</i>

Majdalani, Nadim; Heck, Michael; Stout, Valerie; Gottesman, Susan

doi:10.1128/jb.187.19.6770-6778.2005

Cited by 126 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, RsmC acts as an antiFlhDC factor by binding to FlhDC and interfering with FlhDC action (Chatterjee et al, 2009). protease expression in the wild-type strain under physiological conditions where the expression level of rprA is elevated. Correspondingly, in E. coli, rprA expression has been shown to increase when the Rcs phosphorelay is artificially activated (Majdalani et al, 2005). Further studies are needed to address the role of RprA RNA as a regulator of protease synthesis in Pcc under conditions that activate the Rcs phosphorelay.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A role for the Rcs phosphorelay in regulating expression of plant cell wall degrading enzymes in Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum

et al. 2010

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The Rcs phosphorelay is a signal transduction system that influences the virulence phenotype of several pathogenic bacteria. In the plant pathogen Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Pcc) the response regulator of the Rcs phosphorelay, RcsB, represses expression of plant cell wall degrading enzymes (PCWDE) and motility. The focus of this study was to identify genes directly regulated by the binding of RcsB that also regulate expression of PCWDE genes in Pcc. RcsB-binding sites within the regulatory regions of the flhDC operon and the rprA and rsmB genes were identified using DNase I protection assays, while in vivo studies using flhDC : : gusA, rsmB : : gusA and rprA : : gusA gene fusions revealed gene regulation. These experiments demonstrated that the operon flhDC, a flagellar master regulator, was repressed by RcsB, and transcription of rprA was activated by RcsB. Regulation of the rsmB promoter by RcsB is more complicated. Our results show that RcsB represses rsmB expression mainly through modulating flhDC transcription. Neverthless, direct binding of RcsB on the rsmB promoter region is possible in certain conditions. Using an rprA-negative mutant, it was further demonstrated that RprA RNA is not essential for regulating expression of PCWDE under the conditions tested, whereas overexpression of rprA increased protease expression in wild-type cells. Stationary-phase sigma factor, RpoS, is the only known target gene for RprA RNA in Escherichia coli; however, in Pcc the effect of RprA RNA was found to be rpoS-independent. Overall, our results show that the Rcs phosphorelay negatively affects expression of PCWDE by inhibiting expression of flhDC and rsmB. INTRODUCTIONThe phytopathogenicity of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Pcc) is largely due its capacity to synthesize and secrete plant cell wall degrading enzymes (PCWDE), including pectinases, cellulases and protease Marits et al., 1999; Mäe et al., 1995;Pirhonen et al., 1991). Survival of infecting Pcc largely depends on production of PCWDE for the transition from latent infection to disease state. A number of global and specific regulatory genes contribute to expression of PCWDE in Pcc (Burr et al., 2006;Chatterjee et al., 1995;Cui et al., 1995Cui et al., , 1999Cui et al., , 2001Cui et al., , 2005Eriksson et al., 1998;Flego et al., 2000;Harris et al., 1998; Hyytiäinen et al., 2003;Liu et al., 1998Liu et al., , 1999 Sjöblom et al., 2006). The posttranscriptional Rsm system plays a key role in regulating the expression of PCWDE Cui et al., 1995;Liu et al., 1998).The Rsm system consists of two regulators in Pcc: a small protein, RsmA, and RsmB RNA. RsmA is a post-transcriptional global regulator that is thought to bind mRNAs of PCWDE genes and affect their stability, whereas RsmB RNA binds multiple molecules of RsmA, thereby neutralizing its effect (Liu et al., 1998). Recently, the Rsm system was shown to be dependent on expression of a global regulator of flagellar genes, FlhDC. FlhDC activates the expression of PCWDE in Pcc strain 7...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A role for the Rcs phosphorelay in regulating expression of plant cell wall degrading enzymes in Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum

et al. 2010

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“…The Rcs system contains a predicted outer-membrane-associated protein (RcsF) that modulates Rcs phosphorelay activity when the signal originates outside the periplasm (18,21,27,29). To investigate the possibility that RcsF may influence UmoB and/or UmoD activity, RcsF was coexpressed with either UmoB or UmoD in wild-type PM7002.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, if the signal originates in the periplasm or cytoplasmic membrane, it proceeds directly to RcsC, which upon autophosphorylation of its His and Asp residues transfers the phosphate to a His residue on RcsD. In turn, RcsD then transfers the phosphate to the Asp residue on RcsB (25,28,29). The phosphorylated RcsB protein can bind DNA and act as either a repressor or an activator (28).…”

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Role of the Umo Proteins and the Rcs Phosphorelay in the Swarming Motility of the Wild Type and an O-Antigen ( waaL ) Mutant of Proteus mirabilis

Morgenstein

Rather

2012

J Bacteriol

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Proteus mirabilis is a Gram-negative bacterium that exists as a short rod when grown in liquid medium, but during growth on surfaces it undergoes a distinct physical and biochemical change that culminates in the formation of a swarmer cell. How P. mirabilis senses a surface is not fully understood; however, the inhibition of flagellar rotation and accumulation of putrescine have been proposed to be sensory mechanisms.

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“…RcsA is another protein playing a coregulatory role in a subset of the RcsB-regulated genes, such as those involved in the production of the colanic acid capsule (39). The outer membrane protein RcsF also modulates the RcsCDB system by activating RcsC via a yet-unknown mechanism (8,40). RcsF-independent signaling requiring RcsC has also been shown previously (8).…”

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confidence: 99%

Genome Expression Analyses Revealing the Modulation of the Salmonella Rcs Regulon by the Attenuator IgaA

Mariscotti

Portillo

2009

J Bacteriol

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Intracellular growth attenuator A (IgaA) was identified as a Salmonella enterica regulator limiting bacterial growth inside fibroblasts. Genetic evidence further linked IgaA to repression of the RcsCDB regulatory system, which responds to envelope stress. How IgaA attenuates this system is unknown. Here, we present genome expression profiling data of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium igaA mutants grown at high osmolarity and displaying exacerbated Rcs responses. Transcriptome data revealed that IgaA attenuates gene expression changes requiring phosphorylated RcsB (RcsBϳP) activity. Some RcsB-regulated genes, yciGFE and STM1862 (pagO)-STM1863-STM1864, were equally expressed in wild-type and igaA strains, suggesting a maximal expression at low levels of RcsBϳP. Other genes, such as metB, ypeC, ygaC, glnK, glnP, napA, glpA, and nirB, were shown for the first time and by independent methods to be regulated by the RcsCDB system. Interestingly, IgaA-deficient strains with reduced RcsC or RcsD levels exhibited different Rcs responses and distinct virulence properties. spv virulence genes were differentially expressed in most of the analyzed strains. spvA expression required RcsB and IgaA but, unexpectedly, was also impaired upon stimulation of the RcsC3 RcsD3RcsB phosphorelay. Overproduction of either RcsB ؉ or a nonphosphorylatable RcsB(D56Q) variant in strains displaying low spvA expression unveiled that both dephosphorylated RcsB and RcsBϳP are required for optimal spvA expression. Taken together, our data support a model with IgaA attenuating the RcsCDB system by favoring the switch of RcsBϳP to the dephosphorylated state. This role of IgaA in constantly fine-tuning the RcsBϳP/RcsB ratio may ensure the proper expression of important virulence factors, such as the Spv proteins.

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Role of RcsF in Signaling to the Rcs Phosphorelay Pathway inEscherichia coli

Cited by 126 publications

References 46 publications

A role for the Rcs phosphorelay in regulating expression of plant cell wall degrading enzymes in Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum

A role for the Rcs phosphorelay in regulating expression of plant cell wall degrading enzymes in Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum

Role of the Umo Proteins and the Rcs Phosphorelay in the Swarming Motility of the Wild Type and an O-Antigen ( waaL ) Mutant of Proteus mirabilis

Genome Expression Analyses Revealing the Modulation of the Salmonella Rcs Regulon by the Attenuator IgaA

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