Role of pulmonary stretch receptors and sympathetic system in the inhibition of reflex bradycardia produced by chemical stimulation of the periaqueductal gray matter of the rat

Sampaio, Karla Nívea; Mauad, Helder; Vasquez, Elisardo C.; Schenberg, Luiz Carlos

doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.02.041

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Yet, here we showed that NSI may also sensitize DPAG regions presumptively involved in behavioral alarm systems to both the predation (DLPAG) and suffocation (LPAG) [22]. Otherwise, NSI facilitations of behavioral and respiratory panic-like responses could be due to enduring plastic changes of PAG descending projections to cuneiform nucleus (midbrain locomotor region) and parabrachial region (pontine pneumotaxic center) respectively [21], [61], [62], [63]. Lastly, NSI panic-enhancing effects could be the outcome of early-life programming of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis [35], [49], [50], [64].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…In rats, electrical and chemical stimulations of DPAG produces freezing and flight behaviors along with marked cardiorespiratory responses which are reminiscent of a panic attack [17], [18], [19], [20], [21]. Moreover, previous studies showed that DPAG-evoked defensive behaviors are either attenuated or virtually suppressed by chronic administrations of panicolytics in doses and regimens alike to those of the therapy of panic disorder (PD) [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidence That the Periaqueductal Gray Matter Mediates the Facilitation of Panic-Like Reactions in Neonatally-Isolated Adult Rats

et al. 2014

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Plenty of evidence suggests that childhood separation anxiety (CSA) predisposes the subject to adult-onset panic disorder (PD). As well, panic is frequently comorbid with both anxiety and depression. The brain mechanisms whereby CSA predisposes to PD are but completely unknown in spite of the increasing evidence that panic attacks are mediated at midbrain's dorsal periaqueductal gray matter (DPAG). Accordingly, here we examined whether the neonatal social isolation (NSI), a model of CSA, facilitates panic-like behaviors produced by electrical stimulations of DPAG of rats as adults. Eventual changes in anxiety and depression were also assessed in the elevated plus-maze (EPM) and forced-swimming test (FST) respectively. Male pups were subjected to 3-h daily isolations from post-natal day 2 (PN2) until weaning (PN21) allotting half of litters in individual boxes inside a sound-attenuated chamber (NSI, n = 26) whilst siblings (sham-isolated rats, SHAM, n = 27) and dam were moved to another box in a separate room. Non-handled controls (CTRL, n = 18) remained undisturbed with dams until weaning. As adults, rats were implanted with electrodes into the DPAG (PN60) and subjected to sessions of intracranial stimulation (PN65), EPM (PN66) and FST (PN67-PN68). Groups were compared by Fisher's exact test (stimulation sites), likelihood ratio chi-square tests (stimulus-response threshold curves) and Bonferroni's post hoc t-tests (EPM and FST), for P<0.05. Notably, DPAG-evoked panic-like responses of immobility, exophthalmus, trotting, galloping and jumping were markedly facilitated in NSI rats relative to both SHAM and CTRL groups. Conversely, anxiety and depression scores either did not change or were even reduced in neonatally-handled groups relative to CTRL, respectively. Data are the first behavioral evidence in animals that early-life separation stress produces the selective facilitation of panic-like behaviors in adulthood. Most importantly, results implicate the DPAG not only in panic attacks but also in separation-anxious children's predispositions to the late development of PD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence That the Periaqueductal Gray Matter Mediates the Facilitation of Panic-Like Reactions in Neonatally-Isolated Adult Rats

et al. 2014

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“…Although Dumont et al (2011) suggested that NSI facilitates the central processing of the chemoreceptor afferent inputs, Quintinodos-Santos et al (2014a) showed that NSI may likewise sensitise the DPAG regions that mediate defensive responses to both predators and suffocation. NSI facilitations of panic-like reactions could also be the result of enduring plastic changes at the DPAG descending projections to CnF (midbrain locomotor region) and PBA (pontine pneumotaxic centre) (Sampaio et al, 2012;Keay and Bandler, 2004;Krout et al, 1998;Hayward and Castellanos, 2003). Lastly, NSI panic-enhancing effects could be the outcome of early-life programming of the HPA axis (Francis and Meaney, 1999).…”

Section: Modelling the Comorbidity Of Panic Disorder With Childhood Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Translational approach to studying panic disorder in rats: Hits and misses

Schenberg

Schimitel

Armini

et al. 2014

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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“…In rats, electrical and chemical stimulations of the PAG produce freezing (tense immobility plus exophthalmos) and flight (trotting, galloping or jumping) behaviors (Bittencourt et al ., ; Schenberg et al ., ) along with marked visceral responses (Schenberg et al ., ; Schenberg & Lovick, ; Sampaio et al ., ) that have been regarded as the animal analogue of panic (Deakin & Graeff, ; Jenck et al ., ; Graeff et al ., ; Schenberg, ). In particular, pharmacological studies with chronic administration of low doses of panicolytics suggested that galloping is the rat panic attack best‐candidate response (Schenberg et al ., ; Vargas & Schenberg, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐lasting marked inhibition of periaqueductal gray‐evoked defensive behaviors in inescapably‐shocked rats

Quintino-dos-Santos

Müller

Santos

et al. 2013

Eur J of Neuroscience

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Clinical evidence suggests that depression and trauma predispose the subject to panic. Accordingly, here we examined the late effects of uncontrollable stress, a presumptive model of depression and/or traumatic disorder, on panic-like behaviors evoked by electrical stimulation of the dorsal periaqueductal gray (DPAG). Changes in anxiety and depression were also assessed in the elevated plus-maze (EPM) and forced-swimming test (FST), respectively. Rats with electrodes in the DPAG were subjected to a 7-day shuttle-box one-way escape yoked training with foot-shocks either escapable (ES) or inescapable (IS). The day after the end of one-way escape training, rats were trained in a two-way escape novel task (test-session) to ascertain the effectiveness of uncontrollable stress. DPAG stimulations were carried out in an open field, both before the escape training and 2 and 7 days after it, and EPM and FST were performed on the 8th and 10th days afterwards, respectively. Controls were either trained with fictive shocks (FS) or subjected to intracranial stimulations only. Although the ES rats performed significantly better than the IS group in the two-way escape task, groups did not differ with respect to either the anxiety or depression scores. Unexpectedly, however, IS rats showed a marked attenuation of DPAG-evoked freezing and flight behaviors relative to both the ES and FS groups, 2 and 7 days after one-way escape training. The conjoint inhibition of passive (freezing) and active (flight) defensive behaviors suggests that IS inhibits a DPAG in-built motivational system that may be implicated in depressed patients' difficulties in coping with daily-life stress.

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Role of pulmonary stretch receptors and sympathetic system in the inhibition of reflex bradycardia produced by chemical stimulation of the periaqueductal gray matter of the rat

Cited by 11 publications

References 47 publications

Evidence That the Periaqueductal Gray Matter Mediates the Facilitation of Panic-Like Reactions in Neonatally-Isolated Adult Rats

Evidence That the Periaqueductal Gray Matter Mediates the Facilitation of Panic-Like Reactions in Neonatally-Isolated Adult Rats

Translational approach to studying panic disorder in rats: Hits and misses

Long‐lasting marked inhibition of periaqueductal gray‐evoked defensive behaviors in inescapably‐shocked rats

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