“…In particular, concomitant activation of PKC by DOPr and BK or DOPr and a 2A receptors led to enhanced peripheral (Rowan et al, 2009) and spinal analgesia by DOPr agonists, respectively. However, together with a greater antinociceptive response to DOPr agonists, PKC activity also increased the development of analgesic tolerance, as indicated by potentiation of spinal antinociception by deltorphin II in animals that also received calphostin C (Narita et al, 1996(Narita et al, , 2000. Although tolerance was associated to DOPr desensitization by the kinase (Narita et al, 1996), PKC's contribution to peripheral analgesia was related to its ability to activate phospholipase A2 (PLA2) (Kennedy et al, 1996).…”