Role of proprioception in the control of lid position during reflex and conditioned blink responses in the alert behaving cat

Trigo, José Alberto; Gruart, Agnès; Delgado-García, J.M.

doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(98)00539-9

Cited by 22 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…An air puff stimulus combining cornea and SO stimulation suppressed blinks evoked by a second air puff stimulus for 50 ms in the cat (Gruart et al, 1995). Interacting reflex blinks evoked by different modalities (e.g., SO and acoustic stimuli), however, produced a short-latency suppression followed by a longer latency facilitation (Powers et al, 1997) and anesthetizing the SO did not affect light-evoked blinks (Trigo et al, 1999). Thus, a trigeminal reflex blink appeared only to initiate long-lasting suppression of reflex blinks evoked by the same trigeminal afferents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Experiential Modification of the Trigeminal Reflex Blink Circuit

Dauvergne

Evinger²

2007

J. Neurosci.

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To characterize the organization and plasticity of the trigeminal reflex blink circuit, we interacted blink-evoking supraorbital (SO) and infraorbital (IO) nerve stimuli in alert rats. Stimulation of either trigeminal branch produced a short-lasting inhibition followed by a longer-lasting facilitation of blinks evoked by stimulating the other nerve. When IO stimulation evoked a smaller blink than SO stimulation (IO Ͻ SO), SO stimulation facilitated subsequent IO-evoked blinks more than IO stimulation facilitated SO-evoked blinks. When IO Ͼ SO, IO and SO stimulation exerted equivalent facilitation of subsequent reflex blinks. To investigate whether the blink circuit obeyed rules analogous to those governing the associative and spike timing-dependent plasticity exhibited by individual synapses, we compared the effects of 3600 simultaneous IO and SO pairings, asynchronous IO and SO pairings, or synchronous IO and SO pairings separated by 20 ms on temporal interactions between IO and SO inputs to the blink circuit. Simultaneous pairing of a weak IO and a strong SO strengthened the IO input to the blink circuit, whereas asynchronous pairing weakened the stronger input. When the pairing pattern made an afferent input arrive after blink circuit activity, it weakened that afferent input. Analogous to synaptic modifiability, the results revealed that blink-evoking stimuli acted as a "presynaptic input" and blink circuit activity acted as a "postsynaptic spike." These mechanisms may create the maladaptive reorganization of trigeminal inputs in diseases such as hemifacial spasm.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Experiential Modification of the Trigeminal Reflex Blink Circuit

Dauvergne

Evinger²

2007

J. Neurosci.

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“…A decrease in locomotor activity has also been demonstrated after intravenous injection of NAL in rabbits (Hernandez and Powell, 1983). In addition, changes in spontaneous eye blinking seems to be related to cognitive and emotional facial expression in humans and animals (see references in Trigo et al, 1999).…”

Section: Possible Significance Of C-fos Expression In the Ce And Sum mentioning

confidence: 94%

Is there tonic activity in the endogenous opioid systems? A c-Fos study in the rat central nervous system after intravenous injection of naloxone or naloxone-methiodide

2000

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This study examined the possibility that a tonic activity in the endogenous opioid systems (EO systems) exists in animals under normal conditions. In a first set of experiments, concurrent changes in behavioral responses and in the numbers of c-Fos-like immunoreactive (Fos-LI) neurons in 58 structures of the brain and lumbosacral spinal cord were analyzed in rats after systemic administration of the opioid antagonist naloxone (NAL; 2 mg/kg). Possible roles of the EO systems were inferred from changes in the numbers of Fos-LI neurons between normal rats that received either NAL or the same volume of saline. Free-floating sections were processed immunohistochemically for c-Fos protein using standard avidin-biotin complex methods. After NAL, the numbers of Fos-LI neurons were significantly increased in the area postrema; in the caudal, intermediate, and rostral parts of the nucleus tractus solitarii; in the rostral ventrolateral medulla; in the Kölliker-Fuse nucleus; in the supramammillary nucleus; and in the central nucleus of the amygdala. In a second set of experiments examining changes in c-Fos expression in the latter structures, similar increases were found after NAL but not after an equimolar dose of NAL-methiodide, a preferential, peripherally acting opioid receptor antagonist. Therefore, Fos-LI was likely triggered after blockade of central opioid receptors, but not peripheral opioid receptors, releasing neurons from EO system-mediated inhibition. The results of this study suggest the existence of a tonic activity of the EO systems exerted on a restricted number of brain regions in normal rats. This tonic activity of the EO systems may control part of the neural networks involved in cardiorespiratory functions and in emotional and learning processes.

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“…Motoneurons in the central caudal subnucleus of the oculomotor complex innervate the LPS muscle, while OO muscle fibers receive their innervation from the intermediate zone of the facial nucleus (Becker and Fuchs 1988;Schmidtke and Bütt-ner-Ennever 1992;VanderWerf et al 1997VanderWerf et al , 1998. During a blink, LPS motoneurons stop firing briefly, while OO motoneurones produce a short burst, activating OO muscle fibers and causing a rapid lowering of the upper eyelid (Aramideh et al 2002;Trigo et al 1999). Stereotyped eye movements during blinking (Bour et al 2000;Collewijn et al 1985) accompany eyelid movements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eyelid Movements: Behavioral Studies of Blinking in Humans Under Different Stimulus Conditions

VanderWerf

Brassinga

Reits

et al. 2003

Journal of Neurophysiology

165

116

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The kinematics and neurophysiological aspects of eyelid movements were examined during spontaneous, voluntary, air puff, and electrically induced blinking in healthy human subjects, using the direct magnetic search coil technique simultaneously with electromyographic recording of the orbicularis oculi muscles (OO-EMG). For OO-EMG recordings, surface electrodes were attached to the lower eyelids. To measure the vertical lid displacement, a search coil with a diameter of 3 mm was placed 1 mm from the rim on the upper eyelid on a marked position. Blink registrations were performed from the zero position and from 28 randomly chosen positions. Blinks elicited by electrical stimulation of the supraorbital nerve had shortest duration and were least variable. In contrast, spontaneous blinks had longer duration and greater variability. Blinks induced by air puff had a slightly longer duration and similar variability as electrically induced blinks. There was a correlation between the maximal down phase amplitude and the integrated OO-EMG. Blink duration and maximal down phase amplitude were affected by eye position. Eyes positioned 30 degrees above horizontal displayed the shortest down phase duration and the largest maximal down phase amplitude and velocity. At 30 degrees below horizontal, blinks had the longest total duration, the longest down phase duration, and the lowest maximal down phase amplitude and velocity. The simultaneously recorded integrated OO-EMG was largest in the 30 degrees downward position. In four subjects, the average blinking data showed a linear relation between eye position and OO-EMG, maximal down phase amplitude, and maximal downward velocity.

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Role of proprioception in the control of lid position during reflex and conditioned blink responses in the alert behaving cat

Cited by 22 publications

References 44 publications

Experiential Modification of the Trigeminal Reflex Blink Circuit

Experiential Modification of the Trigeminal Reflex Blink Circuit

Is there tonic activity in the endogenous opioid systems? A c-Fos study in the rat central nervous system after intravenous injection of naloxone or naloxone-methiodide

Eyelid Movements: Behavioral Studies of Blinking in Humans Under Different Stimulus Conditions

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