Role of pretty nanoflowers as novel versatile analytical tools for sensing in biomedical and bioanalytical applications

Abstract

In recent years, an encouraging breakthrough in the synthesis of immobilized enzymes in flower‐shaped called “organic‐inorganic hybrid nanoflowers (hNFs)” with greatly enhanced catalytic activity and stability were reported. Although, these hNFs were discovered by accident, the enzymes exhibited highly enhanced catalytic activities and stabilities in the hNFs compared with the free and conventionally immobilized enzymes. Herein, we rationally utilized the catalytic activity of the hNFs for analytical applications. In this comprehensive review, we covered the design and use of the hNFs as novel versatile sensors for electrochemical, colorimetric/optical and immunosensors‐based detection strategies in analytical perspective.

Green nanobiocatalysts: enhancing enzyme immobilization for industrial and biomedical applications

“…This versatile technique has applications across a spectrum of industrial sectors, including the medical, detergent, food, textile, pharmaceutical ( Rossino et al, 2022 ), and water treatment industries ( Mohammadi et al, 2023 ; Maghraby et al, 2023 ). Various immobilization methods, including crosslinking, covalent binding, adsorption, ionic bonding, and entrapment, have been employed in this context ( Mohamad et al, 2015 ; An et al, 2020 ; Maghraby et al, 2023 ; Dadi & Ocsoy, 2024 ), as illustrated in Fig. 1 .…”