Role of Positron Emission Tomography Imaging in Metabolically Active Renal Cell Carcinoma

Karivedu, Vidhya; Jain, Amit; Eluvathingal, Thomas J.; Sidana, Abhinav

doi:10.1007/s11934-019-0932-2

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“… Mutation of the VHL gene leads to CA IX overexpression in most cases of clear cell RCC. MAb G250 is a monoclonal antibody that binds to CA IX and 124I-cG250 immuo-PET/CT has been used with promising results in both localized and metastatic RCC[ 53 ] 18 F-Fluoromisonidazole PET has been used to delineate hypoxic tumors, which have a poorer response to TKI therapy[ 54 ] 18 F-Fluorothymidine (FLT) enables PET evaluation of cell proliferation and its greatest advantage over the 18 F-FDG is its ability to more accurately distinguish inflammation from tumors. [ 55 ] FLT uptake and higher initial FLT uptake are prognostic indicators in RCC and FLT PET allows to evaluate the response to TKI therapy earlier than the FDG PET scan.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of positron emission tomography/computed tomography in the evaluation of renal cell carcinoma

et al. 2021

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Introduction: Positron emission tomography (PET) is not a standard recommendation in most of the major guidelines for the evaluation of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Earlier studies evaluating PET scan in patients with RCC have provided discordant results. However, with the advent of newer hybrid PET/computed tomography (CT) scanning systems, this modality has shown increased efficacy in the evaluation of primary renal masses along with the detection of extrarenal metastases, restaging recurrent RCC, and also in monitoring response to targeted therapy. We performed a systematic review of the existing literature on the role of PET scan in the evaluation of RCC. Methodology: We systematically searched the databases of PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Google Scholar to identify studies on the use of PET scan in RCC. Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis guidelines, 94 full-text articles were selected, of which 54 relevant articles were then reviewed, after a consensus by the authors. Results: Several studies have shown similar sensitivity and specificity of fluoro-2-deoxy-2-d-glucose-PET (FDG-PET) scan as compared to conventional CT scan for the initial diagnosis of RCC, and an improved sensitivity and specificity for the detection of metastases and recurrences following curative therapy. The PET scan may also play a role in predicting the initial tumor biology and pathology and predicting the prognosis as well as the response to therapy. Conclusion: The current guidelines do not recommend PET scan in the staging armamentarium of RCCs. However, FDG-PET scan is as efficacious, if not better than conventional imaging alone, in the evaluation of the primary and metastatic RCC, as well as in evaluating the response to therapy, due to its ability to pick up areas of increased metabolic activity early on. Newer tracers such as Ga 68 prostate specific membrane antigen-labeled ligands may help in opening up newer avenues of theragnostics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of positron emission tomography/computed tomography in the evaluation of renal cell carcinoma

et al. 2021

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“…Usefulness of FDG PET in RCC was discussed in several recent papers both experimental and reviews, e.g. [60][61][62][63][64][65] . Some of the authors point that [18F]FDG is excreted by kidneys and its use as a routine tracer could be challenging [66][67][68] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renal carcinoma CD105−/CD44− cells display stem-like properties in vitro and form aggressive tumors in vivo

Fiedorowicz

Khan

Strzemecki

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRcc) is the most common kidney cancer. prognosis for ccRcc is generally poor since it is largely resistant to chemo-and radiotherapy. Many studies suggested that cancer stem cells/tumor initiating cells (CSCs/TICs) are responsible for development of tumor, disease progression, aggressiveness, metastasis and drug resistance. However, tumorigenic potential of CSCs/ tics isolated from established Rcc cell lines-basic ccRcc research model-has never been investigated in vivo. CD105+, CD105−, CD44+ and CD44− as well as CD44−/CD105− CD44+/CD105+ and CD44−/ CD105+ cells were isolated from Caki-1 RCC cell line, confirming coexistence of multiple subpopulations of stem-related phenotype in stable cell line. Sorted cells were injected subcutaneously into noD SciD mice and tumor growth was monitored with MRi and pet/ct. tumor growth was observed after implantation of CD105+, CD44+, CD44−, CD44−/CD105+ and CD44−/CD105− but not CD105− or CD44+/CD105+. Implantation of CD44−/CD105− cells induced tumors that were characterized by longer T1 and distinct metabolic pattern than other tumors. All the tumors were characterized by low uptake of [18F]FDG. CD105+ and CD44− tumors expresses Nanog and Oct-4, while CD44− tumors additionally expressed endothelial cell marker-CD31. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC), is the 10th malignancy worldwide and the most frequent type of kidney cancer in adults. Each year in Europe approximately 88 400 patients are diagnosed with RCC; the incidence and mortality of RCC are rising at a rate of 2-3% per decade, therefore novel therapies directed against RCC are needed. At the same time despite advancements in diagnostic techniques, up to 30% of newly diagnosed patients already present with metastases, and a large portion of patients that undergo surgical treatment experience the RCC recurrence, therefore drugs targeted against metastasis initiating cells would be of great interest in the future 1,2. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are characterized by the potential to self-renew, high tumorigenicity in nude mice and the ability to efficiently reconstitute all tumor subpopulations and primary tumor phenotype 3-5. CSCs are also responsible not only for cancer development, but also for disease recurrence, progression and metastatic spread, together with cancer aggressiveness, including treatment resistance such as chemo/radiotherapy, and targeted treatment 6,7 , therefore basic research with careful model selection to understand their biology is mandatory to define novel potential therapeutic targets for all RCC subtypes 8,9 .

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“…Even though this imaging modality is not supported by the European Association of Urology RCC guidelines [3], it is sometimes used to determine the tumor burden outside of the kidney. FDG PET should be performed in the event of a solitary metastasis or doubtful images on CT [4]. Utilization of FDG PET-CT for treatment response assessment after immunotherapy is still under study [5].…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of Metastatic Nonclear Renal Cell Carcinoma: What Are the Options and Challenges?

Mir

Albigès

Bex

et al. 2021

European Urology Oncology

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A 68-yr-old female patient presented to the accident and emergency department following a car accident with head injury. Computed tomography (CT) of the head revealed a mass in the lateral region of the skull. No further findings were evidenced within the brain structures. The patient had a history of breast cancer with positive lymph nodes, for which she received adjuvant chemotherapy and combined hormonal therapy following mastectomy. She underwent surgical excision of the skull mass. Histology confirmed a poorly differentiated carcinoma of unknown origin. A fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)-CT scan revealed an avid 2 cm mass on the left kidney

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Role of Positron Emission Tomography Imaging in Metabolically Active Renal Cell Carcinoma

Cited by 18 publications

References 86 publications

Role of positron emission tomography/computed tomography in the evaluation of renal cell carcinoma

Role of positron emission tomography/computed tomography in the evaluation of renal cell carcinoma

Renal carcinoma CD105−/CD44− cells display stem-like properties in vitro and form aggressive tumors in vivo

Management of Metastatic Nonclear Renal Cell Carcinoma: What Are the Options and Challenges?

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