Role of plant aeration in zonation of Zizania latifolia and Phragmites australis

Yamasaki, Shiori

doi:10.1016/0304-3770(84)90070-6

Cited by 81 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Details will be presented in a subsequent paper but there is some evidence for a daytime convection in the form of higher rhizome oxygen levels (Yamasaki, 1984;Brix, 1988).…”

Section: Final Commentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phragmites australis: a critical appraisal of the ventilating pressure concept and an analysis of resistance to pressurized gas flow and gaseous diffusion in horizontal rhizomes.

Armstrong

Beckett

1988

New Phytologist

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SUMMARY The concept of plant ‘ventilating pressures’ is considered by comparing the pressures required to cause various rates of gas‐How through rhizomes of Phragmites australis venting either beneath water or into air. The resistances to pressurized flow in nodal and internodal regions are quantified, and the pressure: flow data analysed mathematically to deduce effective pore‐space diameter in the nodal diaphragms, and the diffusive resistances of the diaphragms and intemodes. The value traditionally termed ‘ventilating‐pressure’, the minimum pressure required to cause a venting of gas into water, is shown to be a function of surface tension effects at the venting surfaces and not a measure of gas‐flow resistance within the plant. With venting to air rather than water, gas flows occurred at all applied pressures greater than atmospheric and pressure‐flow resistance within the plant was determined from the gas flow: pressure relationship. Pressure‐flow resistance was much greater in the nodal pith diaphragms (6–210 MPa s m−3) than in internodal pith cavities (0.001 5.040 MPa s m−3; path length, 100 mm) and was chiefly a function of pore‐size, pore numbers and path length within the small stellate parenchyma layers of the diaphragms. The domed nature of diaphragms reduces resistance by increasing the pore numbers. The effective pore diameters within the small stellate parenchyma of the diaphragms were estimated from the pressure: flow data using a modification of the Poiseulle equation. The values obtained ranged from c. 3.7 μm, and corresponded closely with diameters found previously by scanning electron microscopy. It is concluded that both large and small stellate parenchyma must contribute significantly to the diffusive resistance of tile diaphragms in accordance with path lengths and porosity; and that, in contrast with pressure‐flow resistance, the internodes because of their length, should have the greater impedance. Estimated values for the pith diaphragm diffusive resistance were 1–13 Ms m−3 (path length, 1.7–3 mm), whilst pith cavity resistances, (path length 100 mm), were 25–1100 Ms m−3. In the latter, the variation was attributable chiefly to the widely varying rhizome diameters: porosities of wide rhizomes were greater than those of narrower ones because of large pith cavities. The fractional porosity due to cortical aerenchyma channels (10–20%) was not related to rhizome thickness. It is concluded that gas‐flow resistances in Phragmites are sufficiently small to allow for substantial long‐distance transport by convection or diffusion.

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“…Details will be presented in a subsequent paper but there is some evidence for a daytime convection in the form of higher rhizome oxygen levels (Yamasaki, 1984;Brix, 1988).…”

Section: Final Commentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phragmites australis: a critical appraisal of the ventilating pressure concept and an analysis of resistance to pressurized gas flow and gaseous diffusion in horizontal rhizomes.

Armstrong

Beckett

1988

New Phytologist

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“…In order to stay in this equilibrium of factors a new reed front establishes itself at a higher level and eloser to the shore. However, the factors which make the reed stalks and/or rhizomes die are unknown; but there are some indications that an altered oxygen supply can affect the health of the rhizomes (Yamasaki, 1984).…”

Section: In Quest Of Causal Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Die-back’ of reeds in Europe — a critical review of literature

Ostendorp

1989

Aquatic Botany

252

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5Ostendorp, W., 1989. 'Die-back' of reeds in Europe -a critical review of literature. Aquat. Bot., 35: 5-26.Reed decline phenomena have been detected in more than 35 lakes in Europe. About 110 publications and reports, which have dealt with this subject, are evaluated in this paper. The localities and the circumstances that go with the reed 'die-back' are listed. The methods of investigation are discussed. Probable causal factors are grouped into five categories: direct destruction, mechanical damage, grazing, water and sediment quality, lake regulation and related effects. Deficiencies of the present state of research are pointed out.

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“…After plants again have access to air, oxygen is transported to the below-ground parts, where it is used for root respiration and oxidation of the rhizosphere (Armstrong & Armstrong, 1988;Laan & Blom, 1990). In deep water the oxygen transport from shoots to below-ground parts might be restricted by the length of the emergent part of the shoot and a long Oj transport distance (Yamasaki, 1984(Yamasaki, , 1987Weisner, 1988Weisner, , 1991 In contrast to the knowledge available on survival and growth during winter and summer, little is known about the submerged shoot-growth of emergent macrophytes during spring. Generally, it is assumed that the maximum water depth submerged shoots can overcome depends on the amount of reserve carbohydrates (Grace & Wetzel, 1982;Spence, 1982;Grace, 1989).…”

Section: In T Ro D Ti Cti Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, an increasing proportion of the photosynthates will be used for the maintenance of non-photosynthetic tissue. Yamasaki (1984) and Weisner (1988) concluded that in deep water oxygen transport to the below-ground parts might limit the occurrence of emergent macrophytes in deep water. Iti early spring, however, 5. maritimus was able to take up ample oxygen from the water.…”

Section: Ecological Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth, photosynthesis and carbohydrate utilization in submerged Scirpus maritimus L. during spring growth

1995

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SUMMARYThe importance of underwater photosynthesis and the use of reserve-carhohydrates were assessed in submerged Scirpus maritimtis L. during spring growth. Submerged plants were grown in outdoor ponds (90 cm deep) using different initial tuber sizes (mean 8-9 and 16-2 g f. wt) and different light treatments (0, 40, 70 and 100'\, of full daylight). After shoot emergence the recovery frotn shading and darkness was studied.The period of submerged growth lasted 9 wk. During this period the ineat-i relative growth rate (RGR) was independently affected hy shading and tuher size. At the end of this period dry weight of plants grown in darkness was only 50 "i, of that of plants grown in full daylight or shade (70 or 40 "" of full daylight), whereas that of plants from small tubers was only 67 % of that from large ones. As a result plants grown fron-i small tubers in darkness had only 33 % of the dry weight of those grown from large tubers in full daylight or shade.Despite these large differences in total dry weight at the end of the submerged period, shoot length remained unafleeted hy shading and tuher size. Shoots grown in darkness were strongly etiolated, with a slower rate of leaf appearance, but with longer leaves, than those grown in full daylight or shade. Only after emergence was shoot length as well as dry matter production greater in plants grown previously in full daylight or shade than in darkness, and greater in plants grown from large than from small tubers.During the submerged period, the relative depletion rate of reserve-carbohydrates increased with time but remained unaffected by shading and tuber size. The reserve-carbohydrates were replenished after plants etnerged.It was concluded that both underwater photosynthesis and tuber size had a large impact on total drv matter production in S. mciritimus. They did not, however, affect the ability of 5. maritimus to emerge frotn 90 em deep water.

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Role of plant aeration in zonation of Zizania latifolia and Phragmites australis

Cited by 81 publications

References 14 publications

Phragmites australis: a critical appraisal of the ventilating pressure concept and an analysis of resistance to pressurized gas flow and gaseous diffusion in horizontal rhizomes.

Phragmites australis: a critical appraisal of the ventilating pressure concept and an analysis of resistance to pressurized gas flow and gaseous diffusion in horizontal rhizomes.

‘Die-back’ of reeds in Europe — a critical review of literature

Growth, photosynthesis and carbohydrate utilization in submerged Scirpus maritimus L. during spring growth

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