Role of phytohormones in arbuscular mycorrhiza development

Das, Debatosh; Gutjahr, Caroline

doi:10.1002/9781119409144.ch61

Cited by 7 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 189 publications

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“…In a similar way, ectomycorrhizal fungi can produce auxin, which seems to support fungal colonisation, and can alter host root morphology (Boivin et al ., 2016; Chanclud and Morel, 2016). In contrast, although IAA also promotes fungal invasion and AM formation especially at early stages, AMF seem to be unable to synthesise auxin (Das and Gutjahr, 2020; Ludwig‐Müller, 2020).…”

Section: Microbes Produce Phytohormones and Manipulate Hormone Signalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exogenous application of ET restricts plant colonisation by mycorrhizal fungi and limits arbuscule formation. At various stages, ET can also interfere with the formation and function of nodules (Guinel, 2015; Bedini et al ., 2018; Das and Gutjahr, 2020; Foo, 2020; Ludwig‐Müller, 2020; Mathesius, 2020). Therefore, rhizobia have developed strategies to manipulate the plant ET biosynthesis pathway likely in order to reduce ET levels within the root.…”

Section: Microbes Produce Phytohormones and Manipulate Hormone Signalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GAs can support spore germination and hyphal growth in different fungal species, for example, F. fujikuroi , Rhizophagus irregulare and Penicillium spp., but do not seem to have a broader physiological function in fungi (Nakamura et al ., 1988; Rademacher, 1994; Mercy et al ., 2017). It is also unclear why some AMF produce GAs, as exogenous GA application inhibits AM formation, and GAs are generally considered to have a negative impact on this symbiosis (Barea and Azcón‐Aguilar, 1982; Bedini et al ., 2018; Das and Gutjahr, 2020; Foo, 2020). As in other fungi, GAs may support hyphal growth of AMF.…”

Section: Microbes Produce Phytohormones and Manipulate Hormone Signalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ABA supports spore germination and fungal growth, and fungus‐derived ABA was required for appressorium formation and supported virulence of M. oryzae on rice plants (Spence and Bais, 2015; Spence et al ., 2015; Chanclud and Morel, 2016). Exogenous ABA application at relatively low levels supports plant colonisation by AMF and arbuscule formation, while higher concentrations have negative effects on colonisation (Bedini et al ., 2018; Das and Gutjahr, 2020; Foo, 2020). ABA treatment reduced the germination rate of spores of the AMF Rhizoglomus irregulare , but increased hyphal branching (Mercy et al ., 2017).…”

Section: Microbes Produce Phytohormones and Manipulate Hormone Signalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hormones as go‐betweens in plant microbiome assembly

2021

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Summary The interaction of plants with complex microbial communities is the result of co‐evolution over millions of years and contributed to plant transition and adaptation to land. The ability of plants to be an essential part of complex and highly dynamic ecosystems is dependent on their interaction with diverse microbial communities. Plant microbiota can support, and even enable, the diverse functions of plants and are crucial in sustaining plant fitness under often rapidly changing environments. The composition and diversity of microbiota differs between plant and soil compartments. It indicates that microbial communities in these compartments are not static but are adjusted by the environment as well as inter‐microbial and plant–microbe communication. Hormones take a crucial role in contributing to the assembly of plant microbiomes, and plants and microbes often employ the same hormones with completely different intentions. Here, the function of hormones as go‐betweens between plants and microbes to influence the shape of plant microbial communities is discussed. The versatility of plant and microbe‐derived hormones essentially contributes to the creation of habitats that are the origin of diversity and, thus, multifunctionality of plants, their microbiota and ultimately ecosystems.

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Section: Microbes Produce Phytohormones and Manipulate Hormone Signalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Microbes Produce Phytohormones and Manipulate Hormone Signalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Microbes Produce Phytohormones and Manipulate Hormone Signalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Microbes Produce Phytohormones and Manipulate Hormone Signalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hormones as go‐betweens in plant microbiome assembly

2021

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“…The development of AM symbiosis involves a complex molecular dialogue between partners and is partially regulated by the host plant through the highly specific action of several hormones. Regulatory aspects of most of the hormones in this process have been discussed in several reviews ( Foo et al, 2013 ; Bucher et al, 2014 ; Fusconi, 2014 ; Gutjahr, 2014 ; Pozo et al, 2015 ; Lace and Ott, 2018 ; Liao et al, 2018 ; Das and Gutjahr, 2019 ), wherein the role of CKs appears noticeably obscure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Stimulatory Role for Cytokinin in the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis of Pea

et al. 2019

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The arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis between terrestrial plants and AM fungi is regulated by plant hormones. For most of these, a role has been clearly assigned in this mutualistic interaction; however, there are still contradictory reports for cytokinin (CK). Here, pea plants, the wild type (WT) cv. Sparkle and its mutant E151 (Pssym15), were inoculated with the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis. E151 has previously been characterized as possessing high CK levels in non-mycorrhizal (myc-) roots and exhibiting high number of fungal structures in mycorrhizal (myc+) roots. Myc- and myc+ plants were treated 7, 9, and 11 days after inoculation (DAI) with synthetic compounds known to alter CK status. WT plants were treated with a synthetic CK [6-benzylaminopurine (BAP)] or the CK degradation inhibitor INCYDE, whereas E151 plants were treated with the CK receptor antagonist PI-55. At 13 DAI, plant CK content was analyzed by mass spectrometry. The effects of the synthetic compounds on AM colonization were assessed at 28 (WT) or 35 (E151) DAI via a modified magnified intersections method. The only noticeable difference seen between myc- and myc+ plants in terms of CK content was in the levels of nucleotides (NTs). Whereas WT plants responded to fungi by lowering their NT levels, E151 plants did not. Since NTs are thought to be converted into active CK forms, this result suggests that active CKs were synthesized more effectively in WT than in E151. In general, myc+ and myc- WT plants responded similarly to INCYDE by lowering significantly their NT levels and increasing slightly their active CK levels; these responses were less obvious in BAP-treated WT plants. In contrast, the response of E151 plants to PI-55 depended on the plant mycorrhizal status. Whereas treated myc- plants exhibited high NT and low active CK levels, treated myc+ plants displayed low levels of both NTs and active CKs. Moreover, treated WT plants were more colonized than treated E151 plants. We concluded that CKs have a stimulatory role in AM colonization because increased active CK levels were paralleled with increased AM colonization while decreased CK levels corresponded to reduced AM colonization.

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Primary and Secondary Metabolites in Lotus japonicus

Ranner,

Schalk,

Martyniak

et al. 2023

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Lotus japonicus is a leguminous model plant used to gain insight into plant physiology, stress response, and especially symbiotic plant–microbe interactions, such as root nodule symbiosis or arbuscular mycorrhiza. Responses to changing environmental conditions, stress, microbes, or insect pests are generally accompanied by changes in primary and secondary metabolism to account for physiological needs or to produce defensive or signaling compounds. Here we provide an overview of the primary and secondary metabolites identified in L. japonicus to date. Identification of the metabolites is mainly based on mass spectral tags (MSTs) obtained by gas chromatography linked with tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS) or liquid chromatography–MS/MS (LC–MS/MS). These MSTs contain retention index and mass spectral information, which are compared to databases with MSTs of authentic standards. More than 600 metabolites are grouped into compound classes such as polyphenols, carbohydrates, organic acids and phosphates, lipids, amino acids, nitrogenous compounds, phytohormones, and additional defense compounds. Their physiological effects are briefly discussed, and the detection methods are explained. This review of the exisiting literature on L. japonicus metabolites provides a valuable basis for future metabolomics studies.

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Role of phytohormones in arbuscular mycorrhiza development

Cited by 7 publications

References 189 publications

Hormones as go‐betweens in plant microbiome assembly

Hormones as go‐betweens in plant microbiome assembly

A Stimulatory Role for Cytokinin in the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis of Pea

Primary and Secondary Metabolites in Lotus japonicus

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