Role of Phytochemistry in Plant Classification: Phytochemotaxonomy

Nwafor, Felix Ifeanyi; Orabueze, Ifeoma

doi:10.1201/9780429426223-7

Cited by 3 publications

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“…These are also important identification markers. 22 Raphides and calcium oxalate crystals which were observed here are characteristic of the members of this family and are considered the cause of their toxic and irritating properties. However, when properly processed by boiling, the toxic effects of calcium oxalates are reduced to minimal.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Stomata indices are rarely affected by environmental conditions and are therefore relevant in identification and authentication herbal drugs, even when in powdered form. 15,22 The chemomicroscopy analysis indicated the presence of lignin, calcium oxalate crystals, starch, cellulose, oil and lignin, while gum and mucilage were absent (Table 1). These are also important identification markers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, alkaloids exhibit analgesic, antimalarial, antispasmodic, psychostimulant and antimalarial effects; Glycosides and steroids are hormonal and have some effects on fertility; terpenoids tannins, phenolics and flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds known to possess antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties; saponins are haemolytic and lower cholesterol. 22 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified a total of 18 bioactive compounds in the methanolic leaf extract such as terpen-4-ol, phytol, palmitoleic acid, squalene, 4methyldecosane among others (Table 4). Their chemical structures are also presented in Figure 1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Botanical Evaluation, GC-MS Analysis and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of the Leaves of Lasimorpha senegalensis Schott (Araceae)

2024

TJNPR

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The leaf of Lasimorpha senegalensis Schott. (Araceae) is widely used as one of the traditional remedies for swellings, edema, pain, tumours and other inflammatory problems in southeastern Nigeria. However, its anti-inflammatory potential has not been scientifically established. This work evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of its methanol leaf extract using the carrageenaninduced hind paw edema test and the cotton-pellet granuloma assay. For each model, different concentrations (200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg) of the extract was administered to each experimental group of Wistar rats (120 -150 g; n=5). Ibuprofen (100 mg/kg) served as standard drug while normal saline (1 ml/kg) was used as negative control. Microscopic evaluation, quality standard and GC-MS analysis of the extract were also established following standard protocols. The extract (at all doses tested) significantly (p < 0.05, p < 0.01) decreased paw edema within the first 8 hours of treatment, to as much as 80 %, with better activity than ibuprofen. The extract also generally inhibited granuloma tissue formation (by as much as 70 %) in the rats, and in a dosedependent manner. Microscopy revealed features of taxonomic importance such as the stomata parameters while the quality standards (ash and extractive values) were found to conform to existing monographs. Among 18 compounds identified by GC-MS, terpene-4-ol, palmitoleic acid, n-hexadecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid and 22-stigmasten-3-one are proven anti-inflammatory agents. These results justify the local use of the leaf of L. senegalensis, in the treatment of inflammatory conditions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Botanical Evaluation, GC-MS Analysis and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of the Leaves of Lasimorpha senegalensis Schott (Araceae)

2024

TJNPR

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Biochemical composition and bioactivity of the crude extract of Sargassum dentifolium (Turner) C. Agardh, of Western Coast of the Red Sea, Hurghada, Egypt

Helal,

El-Gamal,

Elhela

et al. 2023

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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This study evaluated the biochemical composition and bioactivity of the crude extract of Sargassum dentifolium on the western coast of the Red Sea, Hurghada, Egypt. The biomass contained approximately 25.80% of total carbohydrates, and 8.40% of total protein, while lipids constitute about 2% of the total dry weight which is consistent with the low lipid content typically found in seaweeds. S. dentifolium also produces volatile and non-volatile compounds as part of its metabolic processes. The most abundant volatile compound identified was phytol, which has various industrial and pharmaceutical applications. Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) were the most frequently detected non-volatile compounds, with palmitic acid being the most common. The total phenolic content was 50.6 mg g−1 (5.06%), and the total flavonoid content was 33.9 mg g−1 (3.39%) of the total dry-weight extract. S. dentifolium extract demonstrated significant antioxidant activity, with radical scavenging properties and phenolic content that may contribute to its antioxidant efficacy. It also showed cytotoxic activity against cancer cells, particularly human hepatocellular liver carcinoma (HepG2) and human colon carcinoma (HCT-116) cells, indicating their potential as a source of anti-cancer agents. However, the extract exhibited moderate to weak antiviral activity and limited antimicrobial activity against specific microorganisms. This research could contribute to the development of new functional macroalgae-based food or nutraceutical products with potential health benefits.

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Chemotaxonomic Significance and Environmental Implications of the Phytochemical Constituents of four Mussaenda L. (Rubiaceae) taxa in Nigeria

et al. 2022

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This work investigated the phytoconstituents of some Mussaenda taxa (Rubiaceae) collected from Nsukka (Derived Savanna) and Uyo (Tropical Rainforest) ecological zones of Nigeria to establish their contribution as possible taxonomic and environmental monitoring markers. Fresh leaf samples used in this study were collected from plants of the same age, air-dried, and made into powder for further use. Histochemical and phytochemical tests were carried out by following the standard procedures. Results of the comparative phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, phenols, hydrogen cyanide, reducing sugars, soluble carbohydrates, saponins, steroids, terpenoids, and tannins in varying proportions. Results of the phytochemical constitute analysis revealed the presence of the cystoliths from the M. elegans (MEL) and M. erythrophylla (MER) which were absent in Mussaenda “ Doña Aurora” (MDA) and Mussaenda “Doña Luz”(MDL). Further, the presence of the Raphides was unique to MEL while Gum and mucilage were reported only in MDA. Quantitatively, MEL had the highest value of terpenoids (650.88 mg/100g) while MDA had the highest values of phenols (899.27 mg/100g), alkaloids (311.01 mg/100g), reducing sugars (967.35 mg/100g), steroids (2.89 mg/100g), soluble carbohydrates (27.68 mg/100g) and tannins (393.16 mg/100g), and MDL was richest in glucosides (339.64 mg/100g), flavonoids (69.34 mg/100g) and hydrogen cyanides (1.34 mg/100g). The cluster analysis based on obtained phytochemical data revealed three (3) distinct clusters with MEL in cluster 1; MDA and MDL in cluster 2 while cluster 3 had MER. The evolutionary closeness of the two infraspecific and exotic species (MDA and MDL) were confirmed and their taxonomic relationship with the indigenous infrageneric taxa (MEL and MER) was established. The results also highlight the opportunity of employing plant metabolomics in ecological studies and environmental monitoring.

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Role of Phytochemistry in Plant Classification: Phytochemotaxonomy

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Botanical Evaluation, GC-MS Analysis and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of the Leaves of Lasimorpha senegalensis Schott (Araceae)

Botanical Evaluation, GC-MS Analysis and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of the Leaves of Lasimorpha senegalensis Schott (Araceae)

Biochemical composition and bioactivity of the crude extract of Sargassum dentifolium (Turner) C. Agardh, of Western Coast of the Red Sea, Hurghada, Egypt

Chemotaxonomic Significance and Environmental Implications of the Phytochemical Constituents of four Mussaenda L. (Rubiaceae) taxa in Nigeria

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