Role of Phytoalexins in Plant Disease Resistance

Singh, Roop; Chandrawat, Kuldeep Singh

doi:10.20546/ijcmas.2017.601.016

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Physically, induced resistance may involve papilla formation, lignification, and callose accumulation which prevent the direct penetration of pathogens into plant tissues [12,13]. Induced resistance may also involve the production of phenolic compounds [14,15], phytoalexins [16,17], and defense-related enzymes like peroxidase (POX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) [18,19]. The induction of POX was associated with the production of toxic radicals, such as oxide (O 2− ) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seed Soaking Using Methanol Kalanchoe pinnata Leaf Extracts Induces Rice Resistance against Bacterial Leaf Blight

Xạ,

Thoa,

Độ

et al. 2023

IJPB

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Bacterial leaf blight (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae) is a significant rice disease. Aqueous crude extracts of Kalanchoe pinnata were shown to induce rice resistance against the disease. This study aims at testing the disease-reducing effects of K. pinnata leaf extracts using the liquid–liquid extraction method with three different solvents (dichloromethane, methanol, and water). This serves as a basis to select appropriate extracts for effective disease control. Three concentrations (1, 1.5, and 2%) of each extract were tested using seed soaking. The extracts did not show adverse effects on seed germination and seedling growth. Methanol extracts showed significantly different effects compared to those of the untreated control. The involvement of induced resistance in the disease reduction was shown through activities of the four defense-related and antioxidant enzymes, i.e., peroxidase (POX), catalase (CAT), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL). Using 1% methanol extract, activities of POX and CAT involved in hydrogen peroxide production in rice tissues increased 1–4 days after pathogen inoculation (DAI) and remained at high levels until 6 DAI. Activities of PPO and PAL involved in resistance signaling pathways significantly increased after pathogen inoculation. Activities of the four enzymes generally increased after pathogen inoculation and reached higher levels with extract applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seed Soaking Using Methanol Kalanchoe pinnata Leaf Extracts Induces Rice Resistance against Bacterial Leaf Blight

Xạ,

Thoa,

Độ

et al. 2023

IJPB

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“…Phytoalexins are antimicrobial compounds with low molecular weight produced by plants in response to abiotic and biotic stresses. The rapid accumulation of phytoalexins after infection gives a positive result on plant resistance to pathogens, accumulates at the site of infection, inhibits the radial growth of the fungus, and inhibits bacterial tube elongation and asymmetric growth (Singh and Chandrawat, 2017;Sen, 2017). The aim of the present study was an estimation of phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) and some phytoalexins such as total phenol content, alkaloid and tannins in three varieties of V. faba plants infected with A. alternata after 10, 20 and 30 days of adding the pathogen A. alternata and study the effect of T. harzianum as a biological control in the content of these parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of phenyl alanine ammonialyase (PAL) and some phytoalexins in Vicia faba plants infected with spot disease caused by Alternaria alternata

Al-Ameri

2023

JANS

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Biological agents are an important approach to controlling many fungal phytopathogens; plants produce phytoalexins such as phenol, alkaloids and tannins as a response to the biotic stresses. The results showed that the addition of the biological control of Trichoderma harzianum to Alternaria alternata caused an increase in the activity of the enzyme phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) after 20 days from the start of the greenhouse experiment, which was 6.21 mmol/min in the Spinal variety, compared with the enzyme activity in the treatment with A. alternata alone, which was 5.51 mmol/min. The variety Netherland mulch recorded a lower phenolic content in all treatments, and the treatment with biological control T. harzianum in addition to A. alternata had the highest content as it reached 4.50 mg/g on day 20, Netherland mulch variety showed the most amount of alkaloids and tannins than others during different periods. The plants treated with the biological control of T. harzianum contained the most alkaloids on day 20, which was 5.15% It decreased to 3.65% on day 30. The most tannins in Netherland mulch variety were in the plants treated with biological control T. harzianum alone, which was 3.93% on day 20, compared to the plants treated with A. alternata alone, which was 0.71%. The addition of biological control of T. harzianum to A. alternata increased the plant amount of tannins, which was 2.01%. The study would help to understand the role of T. harzianum as a biological control to the response of the varieties to the formation of plant defenses, including phytoalexins.

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“…Induced defense involves the activation of latent resistance mechanisms in plants in response to prior treatment with biotic and abiotic agents [3]. Induction responses may include the synthesis and accumulation of phytoalexins (fungitoxic compounds) [4] and pathogenesis-related proteins (PRs) [5]. These compounds induce biochemical and physiological changes in plants during defense responses and protect against subsequent infections by pathogens [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of phytoalexins and proteins related to pathogenesis in plants treated with extracts of cutaneous secretions of southern Amazonian Bufonidae amphibians

et al. 2019

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Cutaneous secretions produced by amphibians of the family Bufonidae are rich sources of bioactive compounds that can be useful as new chemical templates for agrochemicals. In crop protection, the use of elicitors to induce responses offers the prospect of durable, broad-spectrum disease control using the plant’s own resistance. Therefore, we evaluated the potential of methanolic extracts of cutaneous secretions of two species of amphibians of the family Bufonidae found in the Amazon biome—Rhaebo guttatus (species 1) and Rhinella marina (species 2)—in the synthesis of phytoalexins in soybean cotyledons, bean hypocotyls, and sorghum mesocotyls. Additionally, changes in the enzyme activity of β-1,3-glucanase, peroxidase (POX), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and in the total protein content of soybean cotyledons were determined. In the soybean cultivar ‘TMG 132 RR’, our results indicated that the methanolic extract of R. guttatus cutaneous secretions suppressed glyceollin synthesis and β-1,3-glucanase activity and increased POX and PPO activities at higher concentrations and total protein content at a concentration of 0.2 mg/mL. On the other hand, the methanolic extract of R. marina cutaneous secretions induced glyceollin synthesis in the soybean cultivars ‘TMG 132 RR’ and ‘Monsoy 8372 IPRO’ at 0.1–0.2 mg/mL and 0.2 mg/mL, respectively. The methanolic extract of R. marina cutaneous secretions also increased the specific activity of POX and PPO in ‘Monsoy 8372 IPRO’ and ‘TMG 132 RR’, respectively, and decreased the activity of β-1,3-glucanases in ‘Monsoy 8372 IPRO’. At 0.3 mg/mL, it stimulated phaseolin synthesis. The extracts did not express bioactivity in the synthesis of deoxyanthocyanidins in sorghum mesocotyls. The study in soybean suggests that the bioactivity in defense responses is influenced by cultivar genotypes. Therefore, these results provide evidence that extracts of cutaneous secretions of these amphibians species may contribute to the bioactivity of defense metabolites in plants.

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Role of Phytoalexins in Plant Disease Resistance

Cited by 17 publications

References 14 publications

Seed Soaking Using Methanol Kalanchoe pinnata Leaf Extracts Induces Rice Resistance against Bacterial Leaf Blight

Seed Soaking Using Methanol Kalanchoe pinnata Leaf Extracts Induces Rice Resistance against Bacterial Leaf Blight

Estimation of phenyl alanine ammonialyase (PAL) and some phytoalexins in Vicia faba plants infected with spot disease caused by Alternaria alternata

Induction of phytoalexins and proteins related to pathogenesis in plants treated with extracts of cutaneous secretions of southern Amazonian Bufonidae amphibians

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