Role of Physicochemical Properties in Nanoparticle Toxicity

Abstract

With the recent rapid growth of technological comprehension in nanoscience, researchers have aimed to adapt this knowledge to various research fields within engineering and applied science. Dramatic advances in nanomaterials marked a new epoch in biomedical engineering with the expectation that they would have huge contributions to healthcare. However, several questions regarding their safety and toxicity have arisen due to numerous novel properties. Here, recent studies of nanomaterial toxicology will be reviewed from several physiochemical perspectives. A variety of physiochemical properties such as size distribution, electrostatics, surface area, general morphology and aggregation may significantly affect physiological interactions between nanomaterials and target biological areas. Accordingly, it is very important to finely tune these properties in order to safely fulfill a bio-user’s purpose.

Nanoparticle-assisted ultrasound: A special focus on sonodynamic therapy against cancer

“…The same nanoconstruct was studied to deliver oxygen to hypoxic tissues, exploiting the boiling point of the perfluoropentane core (32°C). In fact, whereas this compound is liquid at room temperature, it is in vapour phase at body temperature, leading [155][156][157][158][159][160][161][162][163][164][165][166][167][168][169][170][171][172] to an higher expansion of the nanobubbles and enhancing the release of loaded oxygen molecules under ultrasound irradiation [102]. In addition to liposomes and polymeric NPs, also metallic and inorganic nanoconstructs could represent efficient platforms for carrying sonosensitizer molecules.…”

“…Chemical Engineering Journal 340 (2018) [155][156][157][158][159][160][161][162][163][164][165][166][167][168][169][170][171][172] residual air bubbles inside the silicon nanoporous structure and by the formation of gas (hydrogen) bubbles due to silicon NPs' dissolution [110]. Nevertheless, concerning the class of NPs employed as nanosensitizers in SDT, the most widely studied are titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) NPs.…”

DeepScreen: An Accurate, Rapid, and Anti‐Interference Screening Approach for Nanoformulated Medication by Deep Learning

“…However, existing approaches for evaluating the nanoformulated drugs are mainly based on traditional medication. As to nanoformulated drug screening, additional challenges arise from the special physicochemical properties of nanoparticles 3, 4, 5. Nanoparticles might distort the most of in vitro classical cytotoxicity assay including 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase release assays.…”

Green Silver Nanoparticles: Novel Therapeutic Potential for Cancer and Microbial Infections

“…These tests provide crucial information on the ranges of safety and cytotoxicity of the biosynthetized nanoparticles, information that result fundamental to can be designed future experiments with biomedical applications in preclinical and clinical models. Another important fact is about the physical nature of the nanoparticles with respect to their size, most of the studies obtained nanoparticles with sizes greater than 10 nm in diameter [8,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]; it would be interesting to know their effects with sizes smaller than 10 nm since there is evidence that their biological effects also dependent on size [28]. Furthermore, for a better comparative analysis of the therapeutic potential of green silver nanoparticles, it is important to include in future experiments reference drugs that are currently the most used and effective in antimicrobial therapy in humans (cephalosporins, quinolones, and macrolides) [29], since most studies existing do not include used-commercial drugs as control [8][9]11,[13][14][15][16]18,[20][21] or it is included drugs used in the past.…”