Role of Phloem Metabolites in Plant Defense

Hagel, Jillian M.; Onoyovwi, Akpevwe; Yeung, Edward C.; Facchini, Peter J.

doi:10.1002/9781118382806.ch12

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 135 publications

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“…Plants are well equipped to protect themselves from phloem feeders. The phloem sap not only provides food, but also has the ability to provide defense against these hemipteran pests (Hagel et al, 2011 ). The phloem tissue contains secondary metabolites and other defensive compounds that can deter phloem feeders and microbial pathogens.…”

Section: Host Srna Pathway Components and Induced Responses Against Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Glucosinolates are sulfur-rich compounds confined in the vacuole of specialized S-cells located in the periphery of phloem tissue of brassicas. During tissue damage, myrosinases, and thioglucosidases present in the M-cells of the phloem parenchyma mix with these glucosinolates to produce toxic isothiocyanates, nitriles, or thiocyanates (Hagel et al, 2011 ). However, phloem feeders most often evade these defenses by careful stylet insertion during feeding (Tjallingii and Hogen Esch, 1993 ).…”

Section: Host Srna Pathway Components and Induced Responses Against Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Small RNA Regulators of Plant-Hemipteran Interactions: Micromanagers with Versatile Roles

Sattar

Thompson

2016

Front. Plant Sci.

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Non-coding small RNAs (sRNAs) in plants have important roles in regulating biological processes, including development, reproduction, and stress responses. Recent research indicates significant roles for sRNA-mediated gene silencing during plant-hemipteran interactions that involve all three of these biological processes. Plant responses to hemipteran feeding are determined by changes in the host transcriptome that appear to be fine-tuned by sRNAs. The role of sRNA in plant defense responses is complex. Different forms of sRNAs, with specific modes of action, regulate changes in the host transcriptome primarily through post-transcriptional gene silencing and occasionally through translational repression. Plant genetic resistance against hemipterans provides a model to explore the regulatory roles of sRNAs in plant defense. Aphid-induced sRNA expression in resistance genotypes delivers a new paradigm in understanding the regulation of R gene-mediated resistance in host plants. Unique sRNA profiles, including changes in sRNA biogenesis and expression can also provide insights into susceptibility to insect herbivores. Activation of phytohormone-mediated defense responses against insect herbivory is another hallmark of this interaction, and recent studies have shown that regulation of phytohormone signaling is under the control of sRNAs. Hemipterans feeding on resistant plants also show changes in insect sRNA profiles, possibly influencing insect development and reproduction. Changes in insect traits such as fecundity, host range, and resistance to insecticides are impacted by sRNAs and can directly contribute to the success of certain insect biotypes. In addition to causing direct damage to the host plant, hemipteran insects are often vectors of viral pathogens. Insect anti-viral RNAi machinery is activated to limit virus accumulation, suggesting a role in insect immunity. Virus-derived long sRNAs strongly resemble insect piRNAs, leading to the speculation that the piRNA pathway is induced in response to viral infection. Evidence for robust insect RNAi machinery in several hemipteran species is of immense interest and is being actively pursued as a possible tool for insect control. RNAi-induced gene silencing following uptake of exogenous dsRNA was successfully demonstrated in several hemipterans and the presence of sid-1 like genes support the concept of a systemic response in some species.

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Section: Host Srna Pathway Components and Induced Responses Against Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Host Srna Pathway Components and Induced Responses Against Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small RNA Regulators of Plant-Hemipteran Interactions: Micromanagers with Versatile Roles

Sattar

Thompson

2016

Front. Plant Sci.

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Using bioassays with the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) to determine residual activity of two systemically soil-applied neonicotinoid insecticides in field-grown tobacco

Merchán

Burrack

2016

International Journal of Pest Management

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Role of Phloem Metabolites in Plant Defense

Cited by 2 publications

References 135 publications

Small RNA Regulators of Plant-Hemipteran Interactions: Micromanagers with Versatile Roles

Small RNA Regulators of Plant-Hemipteran Interactions: Micromanagers with Versatile Roles

Using bioassays with the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) to determine residual activity of two systemically soil-applied neonicotinoid insecticides in field-grown tobacco

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