Role of perovskites as a bi‐functional catalyst for electrochemical water splitting: A review

Abstract

The electrochemical water splitting by using renewable electricity is being considered as a sustainable, clean and considerable source of hydrogen fuel for future transportation and energy applications. The sluggish kinetics at anode and cathode, thus, require plenty of research work on the development of an efficient and stable electrocatalyst, which would provide the enhanced activity of water splitting reaction as well as stability for long-term operation. This review draws a detailed sketch of the progress in the pursuit of replacing noble metals with non-precious perovskite-based substitutes without compromising the key electrocatalyst characteristics. Herein, we critically analysed the latest research work and progress of perovskite oxides for anodic/oxygen reduction reaction/cathodic, including the mechanism behind perovskite oxide catalytic reactions, controlled composition as well as the role of various design strategies to achieve high catalytic performance. Moreover, the article also provides an insight to the associated density functional theory that can provide profound understanding of mechanism, involved behind these reactions and, the need for computational studies to exploit the active area of catalysts. It is believed that this article will assist researchers to explore key area of research in the current generation perovskites that show enhanced catalytic performance as well as to work on unforeseen challenges.

A Comprehensive Review on Thermal Coconversion of Biomass, Sludge, Coal, and Their Blends Using Thermogravimetric Analysis

“…During the first stage, removal of moisture is carried out, and during the second stage, decomposition of cellulose and hemicellulose components occurs, and in the third stage, lignin degradation can be observed. By using the blends of biomass and coal, the decomposition of biomass is more dominant in the second stage than the decomposition of coal and the third stage is decomposition of coal with Journal of Chemistry 13 (5,10,20,30,40,50, and 100°C/min), reacting medium or environment (inert and oxidative by using N 2 , argon, O 2 , and CO 2 ), mass and size of the sample used, and temperature ranges to be operated. ese parameters can affect the product distribution and percentage of solid-liquid and gaseous fuels.…”

“…It is the need of the time to introduce an alternate energy approach to meet current and future energy demands [6]. e replacement of conventional fossil fuels with sewage sludge, coal, and lignocellulosic biomass fuels as renewable energy resources is considered promising as these have already contributed to around 10% of the global energy supply [7][8][9][10][11][12]. Soncini et al stated that from the past thirty years, lignocellulosic biomass was a focal point of research for renewable energy because 56% of energy is provided by biomass, 26% by solar, 11% by wind power, 5% by geothermal energy, and 2% by hydropower [13].…”

Graphene‐supported LaFeO 3 for photocatalytic hydrogen energy production

“…Moreover, they could be easily separated from the reaction medium. [18][19][20] In addition, perovskite catalysts can catalyse reactions even at low catalyst loading. Furthermore, it is possible to easily separate these catalysts from the reaction medium by filtration and the metal leaching to the reaction medium is very low and to be used repeatedly without a major loss of photocatalytic activity.…”

Visible‐light‐driven photocatalytic efficiency of Co‐ and Gd‐doped LaNiO 3 and effect of doping on photochemical, electrochemical, and ferroelectric properties

“…The ultra-small dimensions of nanostructured materials exhibit remarkable properties. [1][2][3][4] Since, from the last few decades the ABO 3 perovskites type materials have got considerable attention of scientific community toward commercialized applications. ABO 3 type perovskite materials contain both rare earth and transition metal ions, which furnished excellent properties, that is, catalytic activity, thermal stability, electrical active structure, low band gap, and ferroelectric nature.…”

“…The nanomaterials possess extensive surface area and show diverse magnetic, electronic, optical, catalytic, and electrical properties than bulk counterparts. The ultra‐small dimensions of nanostructured materials exhibit remarkable properties 1‐4 . Since, from the last few decades the ABO 3 perovskites type materials have got considerable attention of scientific community toward commercialized applications.…”