Role of perovskite PMN in phase formation and electrical properties of high dielectric Pb[(Mgx, Zn1−x)1/3NB2/3]O3 ceramics

Correlation of Microstructures and Conductivities of Ferroelectric Ceramics Using Complex Impedance Spectroscopy

“…[1][2][3] However, perovskite PZN has been reported to be thermodynamically unstable over a wide range of temperatures of 600 -1400 C. 4) A useful method of stabilizing the perovskite structure is to use additives such as BaTiO 3 (BT) and SrTiO 3 (ST). For example, a small increase in the amount of BT stabilizes PZN.…”

Microstructures and electrical properties of lead zinc niobate–lead titanate–lead zirconate ceramics using microwave sintering

“…[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] However, synthesizing perovskite PZN or Pb(Zn 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 -PbTiO 3 (PZN-PT) ceramics near morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) using a conventional ceramic process is difficult, because pyrochlore phases form easily. [12][13][14][15] Perovskite PZN and 0.9PZN-0.1PT crystals have been reported to be thermodynamically unstable over the wide range of temperatures 600-1400 • C. 13 Lim et al 14 investigated that the perovskite PZN-PT single crystals decomposed to the pyrochlore phase, PbO and ZnO during high temperature annealing, even in PbO-rich environments. Jang et al 15 studied the mechanism of formation of perovskite PZN in a molten PbO environment.…”

“…They also noted that the intermediate pyrochlore phase was zinc-deficient in comparison with perovskite PZN and had a composition of Pb 1.83 Zn 0.29 Nb 1.71 O 6.39 ; this formula differs from that noted by earlier researcher (Pb 3 Nb 4 O 13 ). 13 Currently, the most useful method for stabilizing the perovskite structure is to add such additives as BaTiO 3 (BT), SrTiO 3 (ST) and others. 16,17 The large tolerance factor and ionic nature of the perovskite material are believed to be able to stabilize the PZN perovskite structure.…”

Fabrication and electric properties of PZN-based ceramics using modified columbite method

“…2 However, it has been reported that perovskite PZN or 0.9PZN-0.1PT crystals are thermodynamically unstable over a wide range of temperatures (600-1400 • C) rapidly yielding a pyrochlore phase and PbO and ZnO as it decomposes. [3][4][5] To date, the most useful method to stabilize the perovskite structure includes additives such as BaTiO 3 (BT) and SrTiO 3 and so on. 6,7 The bond valence method was an effective way to estimate how many additives could stabilize the PZN perovskite structure.…”