Role of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPS) in immune responses to fungal infections

Taghavi, Mehdi; Khosravi, Alireza; Mortaz, Esmaeil; Nikaein, Donya; Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin

doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.11.013

Cited by 56 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…3D). It suggested that TLR4[ (Taghavi et al 2017)], C-type lectin receptors(CLRs)[ (Werner et al 2009;Gessner et al 2012;Taylor et al 2014)] and galectin family proteins involved in A. fumigatusinduced proin ammatory cytokine release too. TLRs may regulate the host's adaptive immune response by inhibiting or stimulating the function of Treg cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspergillus fumigatus change Gasdermin-D-dependent pyrolysis of the lung through regulating TRL2-dependent Regulatory T cells differentiation

Wei¹,

Xing²,

Ke³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Aspergillus fumigatus, as opportunistic fungi, lead to infection in the lungs and even systemic infection. The A. fumigatus interacts with the body through a series of complex and dynamic processes. After the fungi have invaded the host, it has a series of adaptive mechanisms which it applies to evade being detected by a host immune system also ways to retaliate against the immune responses. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) in enhancing immune tolerance and immune escape by inhibiting the body's immune response are concerned. It could increase the sensitivity of bacterial infections. When A. fumigatus enters the host, it stimulates Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and triggers the signal transduction pathway. However, how Tregs affects susceptibility to A. fumigatus and TLR2 changes Tregs in A. fumigatus infection is unclear. We examined whether A. fumigatus induces Tregs proliferation in vivo, molecular mechanisms underlying A. fumigatus-stimulated TLR2 activation and the contribution of Tregs activation to susceptibility to A. fumigatus. We observed that Tregs to CD4+T cells ratio increased in samples from patients infected with Aspergillus fumigatus. After conducting tests in mice, it was revealed that when mice were infected with A. fumigatus, there was an enhancement in the Tregs to CD4+T cells ratio and Foxp3 expression levels which happen in the lungs also up-regulate. Inhibited Tregs by using CD25 neutralizing antibodies, and we found that the number of fungal burdens in the lung was decreased when these CD25 neutralizing antibodies are used. In our research, A. fumigatus infection can indeed stimulate TLR2 expression to increase, and for the lungs, damages and fungal burden caused by TLR2−/−mice were reduced. Then it also found that in TLR2−/-mice, pyrolysis-related proteins (GSDMD, IL-1α, and IL-1β) changed. It was concluded that for TLR2 knockout animals, the Treg cells quantities are significantly linked to vulnerability to be infected with A. fumigatus. The infection triggered the proliferation and differentiation of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs through the activation of TLR2 pathway. It is a potential mechanism to evade host defense in A. fumigatus infection of the lung. And this effect can regulate GSDMD-dependent pyrolysis, and may involve TRL2 signals partially.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspergillus fumigatus change Gasdermin-D-dependent pyrolysis of the lung through regulating TRL2-dependent Regulatory T cells differentiation

Wei¹,

Xing²,

Ke³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…It has been demonstrated that the first line of the innate immune response against mycetoma infection is by phagocytes, from which macrophages represent the major phagocytic cells [50]. In general, protective immunity to fungal infections [51] involves activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) generating inflammatory cytokines through pattern-recognition receptors and pathogen-associated molecular patterns [52, 53]. IL-1β and other pro-inflammatory cytokines are produced early in response to fungal infections and promote phagocytosis and other means of the innate immune response [54, 55].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Interleukin-1 cytokine family (IL-1β, IL-37) and interleukin-12 cytokine family (IL-12, IL-35) in eumycetoma infection pathogenesis

Fahal

Abushouk²,

Masuadi

et al. 2018

Preprint

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48Mycetoma is a neglected tropical disease, endemic in many tropical and subtropical regions, 49 characterised by massive deformity and disability and can be fatal if untreated early and 50 appropriately. Interleukins (IL) -35 and IL-37 are newly discovered cytokines that play an 51 important role in suppressing the immune system. However, the expression of these 52 interleukins in patients with Madurella mycetomatis (M. mycetomatis) induced eumycetoma 53 has not yet been explored. This study aims to determine the levels of the IL-1 family (IL-1β, 54 IL-37) and IL-12 family (IL-12, IL-35) in a group of these patients and the association 55 between these cytokines levels and the patients' demographic characteristics. The present, 56 a case-control study was conducted at the Mycetoma Research Centre, Soba University 57 Hospital, University of Khartoum, Sudan and it included 140 individuals. They were divided 58 into two groups; group I: healthy controls [n = 70; median age 25 years (range 12 to 70 59 years)]. Group II: mycetoma patients [n = 70 patients; median age 25 (range 13 to 70 60 years)]. Cytokines levels were measured in sera using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 61 (ELISA). 62 There was no significant correlation between the IL-1β and IL-12 levels and the lesions size 63 and disease duration, whereas levels of IL-37 and IL-35 were significantly correlated with 64 that. The analysis of the risk factors of higher circulatory levels of IL-37 in patients of 65 mycetoma showed a significant negative association with IL-1β cytokine, where a unit 66 increment in IL-1β will decrease the levels of IL-37 by 35.28 pg/ml. The levels of IL-37 67 among the patients with a duration of mycetoma infection ≤ one year had significantly 68 decreased by an average of 18.45 compared to patients with a mycetoma infection's 69 duration of ≥ 5years (reference group). Furthermore, the risk factors of higher levels of IL-35 . CC-BY 4.0 International license is made available under a The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It . https://doi.org/10.1101/502609 doi: bioRxiv preprint 70 in mycetoma patients revealed a significant negative association with IL-12, as a unit 71 increment in IL-12 decreases the levels of IL-35by 8.99 pg/ml (p < 0.001). Levels of IL-35 72 among the patients with duration of mycetoma infection ≤ one year had significantly 73 decreased (p-value = 0.002) on average by 41.82 compared to patients with a duration of 74 mycetoma infection ≥ five years (reference group). In conclusion, this study indicates that 75 both IL-35 and IL-37 are negatively associated with the levels of IL-1β and IL-12 in 76 eumycetoma mycetoma infection; and high levels of IL-37 and IL-35 may have a negative 77 impact on disease progression. 78 79 Authors Summary 80 Mycetoma is a progressive chronic granulomatous fungal or bacterial infection that may 81 result in massive destruction of subcutaneous tissues, muscles and bones. Mycetoma is 82 a neglected disease which is endemic in many...

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“…Außerdem wird vermutet, dass bestimmte Zell-wandbestandteile von Schimmelpilzen (z. B. ß-Glucane, Phospholipomannane) vom angeborenen Immunsystem als PAMP (Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns) erkannt werden und Immunantworten auslösen, die zu reizenden oder entzündlichen Reaktionen führen können [52] [21,56]. Aus einem großen Stichprobenumfang anlassbezogener Luftmessungen wurden hingegen die Orientierungswerte der Arbeitsge-meinschaft ökologischer Forschungsinstitute (AGÖF) bestimmt [22].…”

Section: Mikrobielle Innenraumbelastungen (Schimmel)unclassified

Schadstoffe im Innenraum – aktuelle Handlungsfelder

Birmili

Kolossa-Gehring

Valtanen

et al. 2018

Bundesgesundheitsbl

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People in Central Europe spend most of their time in private dwellings, offices, education centres or other public buildings. In these indoor places, they are exposed to a variety of gaseous or particulate pollutants that potentially exert adverse health effects. This work compiles current fields of action that are discussed in the public, among expert panels, and in the scientific community. These address ventilation in buildings, the impact of building product emissions and particulate matter sources on indoor air quality, the detection and prevention of mould as well as the assessment of indoor air quality using guidance values and the determination of the internal exposure by human biomonitoring. Indoor air quality appears as a dynamic field of action that has become more complex due to the interaction between new chemicals introduced into the indoor environment through a variety of products and the observed reduction of ventilation rates. Implications for human health have thus become less predictable.

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Role of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPS) in immune responses to fungal infections

Cited by 56 publications

References 93 publications

Aspergillus fumigatus change Gasdermin-D-dependent pyrolysis of the lung through regulating TRL2-dependent Regulatory T cells differentiation

Aspergillus fumigatus change Gasdermin-D-dependent pyrolysis of the lung through regulating TRL2-dependent Regulatory T cells differentiation

The Role of Interleukin-1 cytokine family (IL-1β, IL-37) and interleukin-12 cytokine family (IL-12, IL-35) in eumycetoma infection pathogenesis

Schadstoffe im Innenraum – aktuelle Handlungsfelder

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