Role of parasitic vaccines in integrated control of parasitic diseases in livestock

Abstract

Parasitic infections adversely affect animal’s health and threaten profitable animal production, thus affecting the economy of our country. These infections also play a major role in the spread of zoonotic diseases. Parasitic infections cause severe morbidity and mortality in animals especially those affecting the gastrointestinal system and thus affect the economy of livestock owner by decreasing the ability of the farmer to produce economically useful animal products. Due to all these reasons proper control of parasitic infection is critically important for sustained animal production. The most common and regularly used method to control parasitic infection is chemotherapy, which is very effective but has several disadvantages like drug resistance and drug residues. Integrated approaches to control parasitic infections should be formulated including grazing management, biological control, genetic resistance of hosts, and parasitic vaccines. India ranks first in cattle and buffalo population, but the majority of livestock owners have fewer herds, so other measures like grazing management, biological control, genetic resistance of hosts are not much practical to use. The most sustainable and economical approach to control parasitic infection in our country is to vaccinate animals, although vaccines increase the initial cost, but the immunity offered by the vaccine are long lived. Thus, vaccination of animals for various clinical, chronic, subclinical parasitic infections will be a cheaper and effective alternative to control parasitic infection for long time and improve animal production.

Nematicide activity of microfungi (Orbiliales, Orbiliaceae) after transit through gastrointenstinal tract of “Gallus gallus domesticus”

“…Parasites are common in intensive or organics systems of chickens, which is more conducive to the emergence of gastrointestinal parasites, favored by direct contact with soil and other organisms (RUFF, 1999;SHEIKH et al, 2015, VIEIRA et al, 2015. Helminths are responsible for economic losses due to decreased food intake, reduced growth and posture, leading to nutritional deficiencies that makes the birds susceptible to other infectious diseases and can lead to death (CARDOZO & YAMAMURA, 2004;UHUO et al, 2013;HASSAN et al, 2015;THAPA et al, 2015).…”

“…The control of gastro-intestinal helminthosis in non-organic intensive and extensive systems is accomplished by administering anthelmintics with high cost and results unsatisfactory due to the misuse of drugs with consequent selection parasite strains resistant (THOMAZ-SOCCOL et al, 2004;AHMAD et al, 2013;SILVA et al, 2015). Contaminating the environment and serving as a source of contagion to other birds, generate residues in animal products (HERD, 1996;SHARMA et al, 2015). The search for products contaminationfree chemical implies the no use of medication, either for prophylaxis or treatment of diseases.…”

Metazoan Parasite Vaccines: Present Status and Future Prospects

“…Of note is that two other native veterinary vaccines have been commercialized that consist of radiation attenuated L3 larvae for protection against lung worm or lung verminosis infections. These are Bovilis Huskvac® (MSD Animal Health, Ireland) and Difil (Nuclear Research Laboratory of the Indian Veterinary Research Institute, India) designed against Dictyocaulus viviparous (bovine lung worm) and D. filaria , respectively (Supplementary Table 1 ) (Sharma et al, 2015 ).…”

Vaccination against Trichinella spiralis: Potential, Limitations and Future Directions

“…Besides, traditional anthelminthic drugs are active against enteric stages of T. spiralis, but currently no anthelminthic drug has proven to be effective against the parasite systemic stages [7,8]. Furthermore, serious side effects including bone marrow suppression and teratogenic effects are observed [7,8].…”