Role of PACAP in Female Fertility and Reproduction at Gonadal Level – Recent Advances

Reglődi, Dóra; Tamás, Andrea; Koppán, Miklós; Szogyi, Donat; Welke, Laura

doi:10.3389/fendo.2012.00155

Cited by 40 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…The N-terminal region of the polypeptide is evolutionary conserved and shows a high homology with that of VIP [ 5 ]. In the last decade, increasing amount of evidence has emerged regarding the important roles of PACAP in peripheral organs such as uterus [ 8 ], ovary [ 9 ], and teeth [ 10 ]; moreover, its presence has been proven in human milk [ 11 ]. Nonetheless, only sporadic data exist about its function in skeletal elements [ 12 -15 ].…”

Section: Pacap and Vipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of PACAP and VIP Signalling in Regulation of Chondrogenesis and Osteogenesis

Juhász

Tamás

Zákány

et al. 2016

Current Topics in Neurotoxicity

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Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) are multifunctional proteins that can regulate diverse physiological processes. These are also regarded as neurotrophic and antiinfl ammatory substances in the CNS, and PACAP is reported to prevent harmful effects of oxidative stress. In the last decade more and more data accumulated on the similar function of PACAP in various tissues, but its cartilage-and bone-related presence and functions have not been widely investigated yet. In this summary we plan to verify the presence and function of PACAP and VIP signalling tool kit during cartilage differentiation and bone formation. We give evidence about the protective function of PACAP in cartilage regeneration with oxidative or mechanically stress and also with the modulation of PACAP signalling in vitro in osteogenic cells. Our observations imply the therapeutic perspective that PACAP might be applicable as a natural agent exerting protecting effect during joint infl ammation and/or may promote cartilage regeneration during degenerative diseases of articular cartilage.

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Section: Pacap and Vipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of PACAP and VIP Signalling in Regulation of Chondrogenesis and Osteogenesis

Juhász

Tamás

Zákány

et al. 2016

Current Topics in Neurotoxicity

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“…Although our knowledge on PACAP in reproductive functions is still limited, currently available data clearly indicate that the neuropeptide plays an important regulatory role in female reproductive physiology and pathology (rev. [7]). Briefly, PACAP, at the hypothalamic level, influences receptive behavior in female rodents, in association with gonadotropin releasing hormone and steroids [8], and plays an important modulatory role in pituitary hormone production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The role of PACAP in the hypothalamopituitary-gonadal axis has been reviewed several times previously [9][10][11][12][13] and is reviewed in the present book in two chapters (11. and 12.). PACAP is present in the ovary, in the ovarian follicular fluid and plays an important role in oocyte maturation [7,14,15]. In humans, the level of immunoreactive PACAP in the follicular fluid of hyperstimulated women is correlated with the number of retrieved oocytes [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and Functions of PACAP in the Placenta

Horváth

Németh

Brubel

et al. 2016

Current Topics in Neurotoxicity

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Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is an endogenous neuropeptide with a widespread distribution both in the nervous system and peripheral organs. The peptide is also present in the female gonadal system, indicating its role in reproductive functions. While a lot of data are known on PACAP-induced effects in oogenesis and in the regulation of gonadotropin secretion at pituitary level, its placental effects are somewhat neglected in spite of the documented implantation deficit in mice lacking endogenous PACAP. The aim of the present review is to give a brief summary on the occurrence and actions of PACAP and its receptors in the placenta. Radioimmunoassay (RIA) measurements revealed increased serum PACAP levels during the third trimester and several changes in placental PACAP content in obstetrical pathological conditions, further supporting the function of PACAP during pregnancy. Both the peptide and its receptors have been shown in different parts of the placenta and the umbilical cord. PACAP influences blood vessel and smooth muscle contractility of the uteroplacental unit and is involved in regulation of local hormone secretion. The effects of PACAP on trophoblast cells have been mainly studied in vitro. Effects of PACAP on cell survival, angiogenesis and invasion/proliferation have been described in different trophoblast cell lines. PACAP increases proliferation and decreases invasion in proliferative extravillous trophoblast cells, but not in primary trophoblast cells, where PACAP decreased the secretion of various angiogenic markers. PACAP pretreatment enhances survival of non-tumorous primary trophoblast cells exposed to oxidative stress, but it does not influence the cell death-inducing effects of methotrexate in proliferative extravillous cytotrophoblast cells. Interestingly, PACAP has pro-apoptotic effect in choriocarcinoma cells suggesting that the effect of PACAP depends on the type of trophoblast cells. These data strongly support that PACAP plays a role in normal and pathological pregnancies and our review provides an overview of currently available experimental data worth to be further investigated to elucidate the exact role of this peptide in the placenta. Abstract Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is an endogenous neuropeptide with a widespread distribution both in the nervous system and peripheral organs. The peptide is also present in the female gonadal system, indicating its role in reproductive functions. While a lot of data are known on PACAP-induced effects in oogenesis and in the regulation of gonadotropin secretion at pituitary level, its placental effects are somewhat neglected in spite of the documented implantation deficit in mice lacking endogenous PACAP. The aim of the present review is to give a brief summary on the occurrence and actions of PACAP and its receptors in the placenta. Radioimmunoassay (RIA) measurements revealed increased serum PACAP levels during the third trimester and several changes in placental PACAP conten...

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“…16,17 The importance of PACAP to reproductive function is highlighted by reports that both PACAP and PACAP receptor (PAC1) null female mice have decreased fertility. [18][19][20] Three distinct subtypes of PACAP receptors have been cloned. The PACAP receptors are G protein-coupled receptors that activate a number of signaling pathways, most importantly the cyclic AMP/protein kinase A signaling pathway.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of Gonadal Steroids and Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone on Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide (PACAP) and PACAP Receptor Expression in Cultured Rat Anterior Pituitary Cells

2014

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Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and its receptors are expressed in the hypothalamus, the gonadotrope cells of the anterior pituitary gland, and the gonads, forming an autocrine-paracrine system in these tissues. Within the pituitary, PACAP functions either alone or synergistically with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) to stimulate gonadotropin gene expression and secretion. Our goal was to define the hormonal regulation of pituitary PACAP and PACAP receptor (PAC1) gene expression by dihydrotestosterone (DHT), estradiol, and progesterone alone or in conjunction with GnRH. Treatment of adult male rat pituitary cell cultures with DHT or progesterone augmented GnRH-mediated increase in PACAP messenger RNA (mRNA) levels, but neither had an effect when present alone. Conversely, estradiol treatment blunted PACAP gene expression but did not alter GnRH effects on PACAP expression. Expression of PACAP receptor mRNA was decreased by GnRH treatment, minimally increased by DHT treatment, but not altered by the addition of estradiol or progesterone. DHT and GnRH together blunted PACAP receptor gene expression. Taken together, these results suggest that the activity of the intrapituitary PACAP-PAC1 system is regulated via the complex interaction of gonadal steroids and hypothalamic GnRH.

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Role of PACAP in Female Fertility and Reproduction at Gonadal Level – Recent Advances

Cited by 40 publications

References 95 publications

Role of PACAP and VIP Signalling in Regulation of Chondrogenesis and Osteogenesis

Role of PACAP and VIP Signalling in Regulation of Chondrogenesis and Osteogenesis

Occurrence and Functions of PACAP in the Placenta

Interaction of Gonadal Steroids and Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone on Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide (PACAP) and PACAP Receptor Expression in Cultured Rat Anterior Pituitary Cells

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