Role of Oxidative Stress on SARS-CoV (SARS) and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Infection: A Review

Suhail, Shanzay; Zajac, Jonathan; Fossum, Carl J.; Lowater, Harrison R.; McCracken, C.; Severson, Nathaniel J; Laatsch, Bethany F.; Narkiewicz-Jodko, Alex; Johnson, Benjamin; Liebau, Jessica; Bhattacharyya, Sudeep; Hati, Sanchita

doi:10.1007/s10930-020-09935-8

Cited by 245 publications

(270 citation statements)

References 94 publications

(93 reference statements)

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“…A common denominator in all clinical manifestations associated with COVID-19 appears to be the oxidative stress storm [ 14 ]. The intake of fermented vegetables is associated with activation of the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2) (Nrf2)-like antioxidant transcription factor [ 10 , 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Interplay between Nrf2, TRPA1, and TRPV1 in Nutrients for the Control of COVID-19

Bousquet

Czarlewski²,

Zuberbier

et al. 2021

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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In this article, we propose that differences in COVID-19 morbidity may be associated with transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) and/or transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) activation as well as desensitization. TRPA1 and TRPV1 induce inflammation and play a key role in the physiology of almost all organs. They may augment sensory or vagal nerve discharges to evoke pain and several symptoms of COVID-19, including cough, nasal obstruction, vomiting, diarrhea, and, at least partly, sudden and severe loss of smell and taste. TRPA1 can be activated by reactive oxygen species and may therefore be up-regulated in COVID-19. TRPA1 and TRPV1 channels can be activated by pungent compounds including many nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2) (Nrf2)-interacting foods leading to channel desensitization. Interactions between Nrf2-associated nutrients and TRPA1/TRPV1 may be partly responsible for the severity of some of the COVID-19 symptoms. The regulation by Nrf2 of TRPA1/TRPV1 is still unclear, but suggested from very limited clinical evidence. In COVID-19, it is proposed that rapid desensitization of TRAP1/TRPV1 by some ingredients in foods could reduce symptom severity and provide new therapeutic strategies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Interplay between Nrf2, TRPA1, and TRPV1 in Nutrients for the Control of COVID-19

Bousquet

Czarlewski²,

Zuberbier

et al. 2021

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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“…[20,[23][24][25][26][27]. More recently, Acetylcysteine has been used in the development of therapies for respiratory infections such as influenza and COVID-19 [28][29][30], where the integrity of the spike protein is vital for infection [12,13]. A hypothesized mechanism of action could be the unfolding of the spike glycoprotein and the reduction of its disulfide bonds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Combination of Bromelain and Acetylcysteine (BromAc) Synergistically Inactivates SARS-CoV-2

Akhter

Quéromès

Pillai³

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection is the cause of a worldwide pandemic, currently with limited therapeutic options. The spike glycoprotein and envelope protein of SARS-CoV-2, containing disulfide bridges for stabilization, represent an attractive target as they are essential for binding to the ACE2 receptor in host cells present in the nasal mucosa. Bromelain and Acetylcysteine (BromAc) has synergistic action against glycoproteins by breakage of glycosidic linkages and disulfide bonds. We sought to determine the effect of BromAc on the spike and envelope proteins and its potential to reduce infectivity in host cells. Recombinant spike and envelope SARS-CoV-2 proteins were disrupted by BromAc. Spike and envelope protein disulfide bonds were reduced by Acetylcysteine. In in vitro whole virus culture of both wild-type and spike mutants, SARS-CoV-2 demonstrated a concentration-dependent inactivation from BromAc treatment but not from single agents. Clinical testing through nasal administration in patients with early SARS-CoV-2 infection is imminent.

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“…This decrease might give rise to hyperactivation of NLRP3 and the trigger cytokine storms [ 165 ]. Maintaining NAD + levels through the SIRTs system may therefore alleviate COVID-19 symptoms, a possibility supported by recent data showing that SARS-CoV-2 proteins hyperactivate poly-ADP-ribose polymerases (e.g., PARP9, -10, -12, and -14) and deplete cellular NAD + [ 162 , 163 , 164 , 165 , 166 , 167 ]. The ability of NAD + precursors to lower inflammation in human subjects provides further support to this mechanism [ 163 , 164 ].…”

Section: Sirts As Emerging Antiviral Targetsmentioning

confidence: 96%

The Pleiotropic Function of Human Sirtuins as Modulators of Metabolic Pathways and Viral Infections

Alqarni

Foudah

Muharram

et al. 2021

Cells

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Sirtuins (SIRTs) are nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent histone deacetylases that incorporate complex functions in the mechanisms of cell physiology. Mammals have seven distinct members of the SIRT family (SIRT1-7), which play an important role in a well-maintained network of metabolic pathways that control and adapt the cell to the environment, energy availability and cellular stress. Until recently, very few studies investigated the role of SIRTs in modulating viral infection and progeny. Recent studies have demonstrated that SIRT1 and SIRT2 are promising antiviral targets because of their specific connection to numerous metabolic and regulatory processes affected during infection. In the present review, we summarize some of the recent progress in SIRTs biochemistry and their emerging function as antiviral targets. We also discuss the potential of natural polyphenol-based SIRT modulators to control their functional roles in several diseases including viral infections.

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Role of Oxidative Stress on SARS-CoV (SARS) and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Infection: A Review

Cited by 245 publications

References 94 publications

Potential Interplay between Nrf2, TRPA1, and TRPV1 in Nutrients for the Control of COVID-19

Potential Interplay between Nrf2, TRPA1, and TRPV1 in Nutrients for the Control of COVID-19

The Combination of Bromelain and Acetylcysteine (BromAc) Synergistically Inactivates SARS-CoV-2

The Pleiotropic Function of Human Sirtuins as Modulators of Metabolic Pathways and Viral Infections

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