Role of Oxidative Stress in La2O3 Nanoparticle-Induced Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis in CHANG and HuH-7 Cells

Abstract

Introduction: Nanoparticles are extensively applied in pharmaceutical, agriculture, food processing industries, and in many other fields. In the current experiment, we have determined the mechanism of toxicity of lanthanum oxide nanoparticles (La 2 O 3 NPs) on human liver cell lines. Methods: Before the investigation, we have characterized the size and shape of La 2 O 3 NPs using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The mean size of the La 2 O 3 NPs was found 32 ±1.6 nm with a sheet-like shape. The cytotoxicity effect of La 2 O 3 NPs for 24 h on CHANG and HuH-7 cells was determined by using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays. Results: The cytotoxicity was observed in a concentration-dependent manner in both cells but NPs were more toxic to HuH-7 than CHANG cells. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was determined using fluorescent dye 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFDA) and high green fluorescence was observed in HuH-7 cells than CHANG cells. Oxidative stress biomarker such as glutathione (GSH) was decreased and antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) was increased but SOD level was decreased in HuH-7 cells than CHANG cells. Apoptotic cells were determined by using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. Maximum percentage of the apoptotic cell was observed at 300 µg/mL in HuH-7 cells. DNA doublestranded breakage was observed by comet assay and maximum DNA damage was found in CHANG cells than HuH-7 cells at 300 µg/mL La2O3 NPs for 24 h. Conclusion: Thus, this study demonstrated that La2O3 NPs were toxic to human liver cells and induced more toxicity in HuH-7 cells than CHANG cells.

Cytotoxic effects of Lavandula angustifolia seed extracts on the viability of Huh-7 and Chang liver cells

“…Afterwards, Chang and Huh-7 liver cell lines were treated with 20–2,400 μg/ml 100% methanol and 50% methanol extracts of lavender for 24 h. After exposure, 5 mg/ml MTT solution (10 μl/well) was added, and incubation continued for additional 4 h. After MTT exposure, culture medium without cells was detached from the wells, and 200 μl of DMSO was supplemented to every well and mixed thoroughly. The absorbance of plates was recorded at 550 nm [ 21 , 22 ].…”

Structural, vibrational, optical, and anticancer properties of Hyphaene thebaica‐reduced nano‐lanthanum oxide (La2O3)

“…Mechanstically, the cytotoxicity induced by the nano-La 2 O 3 NPs can be attributed to the ROS generation and accumulation. 60 The generated ROS can interfere with different cellular organelles and the cellular processes that eventually activate downstream apoptotic pathways leading to cellular death. Other factors like surface abrasions of the NPs can induce direct damage to the cell and hence manifest toxicity.…”

“…It can be proposed that the higher concentration of the NPs eventually causes a higher accumulation of the NPs and reactive oxygen species that causes a stronger inhibition of the cancer cells. Mechanstically, the cytotoxicity induced by the nano‐La 2 O 3 NPs can be attributed to the ROS generation and accumulation 60 . The generated ROS can interfere with different cellular organelles and the cellular processes that eventually activate downstream apoptotic pathways leading to cellular death.…”

Enhancing antioxidant properties of CeO2 nanoparticles with Nd3+ doping: structural, biological, and machine learning insights

“…58 Some of these factors can be compared with those of other rare-earth nanostructures (e.g., Gd 2 O 3 , CeO 2 -Gd, and La 2 O 3 ) that are cytotoxic against glioblastoma and hepatoma cell lines. 58,59 In the same regard, CeO 2 -NPs can promote cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation while preventing apoptosis of many cell types, such as osteoblasts, by altering their cell cycle in the S phase. 60 Similarly, CeO 2 -NPs enhanced the proliferation of human lung epithelial cells in a dose-dependent manner (10-100 μg mL −1 ).…”