Role of oxidative stress in cardiovascular diseases

Abstract

The existing evidence support the view that oxidative stress may play a crucial role in cardiac and vascular abnormalities in different types of cardiovascular diseases and that the antioxidant therapy may prove beneficial in combating these problems.

Tomato lycopene attenuates myocardial infarction induced by isoproterenol: Electrocardiographic, biochemical and anti–apoptotic study

“…It has been already reported that oxidative stress provoke DNA damage (DNA fragmentation and apoptosis) and treatment with antioxidants inhibit DNA fragmentation and apoptosis [32] . Oxidation of catecholamine forms quinonoid compounds giving rise to the production of superoxide anions and subsequently hydrogen peroxide, which in the presence of iron forms highly reactive hydroxyl radicals and causes protein, lipid and DNA damage [33] . Further, increased expression of iNOS in myocardium of animals and patients with heart failure may be responsible for increased numbers of apoptotic cardiomyocytes [34] .…”

“…The heart was transversely cut across the left ventricle to obtain slices no more than 0.1 cm in thickness. The heart slices were placed in the covered, darkened glass dish containing pre warmed (1%) TTC solution in phosphate buffer and the dish was incubated between 37-40 曟 for [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45] min. the heart slices were turned over once or twice to make certain that it remains immersed and covered by 1 cm of the TTC solution.…”

Mitochondrial network in the heart

“…Cardiomyocyte ETC dysfunction leads to excessive generation of ROS that causes heart malformation and lethality (Ingraham et al, 2009). ROS play an important role in the pathogenesis of a variety of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, cardiomyopathy, cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure and ischemia-reperfusion injury (Ytrehus et al, 1987;Dhalla et al, 2000). Thus, ROS and their origin ETC are vital cellular components in the maintenance of cardiac function.…”

Dietary methyl-consuming compounds and metabolic syndrome

“…Catecholamines are known to be a major risk factor for hypertension and CVD, because they can increase heart rate, blood pressure and ROS production. [67][68][69][70] Elevated catecholamines may be caused by two factors: (1) an increase in catecholamines release from the sympathetic nervous system and (2) a decrease in their degradation (that is, inactivation). Methylation is a crucial step in the degradation of catecholamines, which involves two methyltransferases: phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase and catechol O-methyltransferase, where the former catalyzes norepinephrine to epinephrine and the latter converts catecholamines to methylated derivatives.…”