Role of Osmolytes in the Mechanisms of Antioxidant Defense of Plants

Ejaz, Shaghef; Fahad, Shah; Anjum, Muhammad Akbar; Nawaz, Aamir; Naz, Safina; Hussain, Sajjad; Ahmad, Shakeel

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-38881-2_4

Cited by 34 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“… 20 By stabilizing the ROS levels in plants, the antioxidant enzymatic system protects the plant cells. 73 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is the cell’s first line of defense against ROS since the superoxide radical is a precursor to a variety of other highly reactive species, so maintaining a stable state of superoxide concentration via SOD is a crucial defensive mechanism. 74 Under stressful situations, peroxidase (POD) activity reflects the changes in cell wall mechanical characteristics and cell membrane integrity in plant leaves.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium Chloride (NaCl)-Induced Physiological Alteration and Oxidative Stress Generation in Pisum sativum (L.): A Toxicity Assessment

Alharbi

Alosaimi

Alghamdi³

2022

ACS Omega

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Salinity stress has a deleterious impact on plant development, morphology, physiology, and biochemical characteristics. Considering the NaCl-induced phytotoxicity, current investigation was done to better understand the salt-tolerant mechanisms using Pisum sativum L. (pea) as a model crop. Generally, NaCl resulted in a progressive decrease in germinative attributes and physiological and biochemical parameters of P. sativum (L.). The 400 mM NaCl level had a higher detrimental effect and reduced the germination rate, plumule, radicle length, and seedling vigor index (SVI) by 78, 89, 84, and 77%, respectively, under in vitro . Furthermore, after 400 mM NaCl exposure, physiological and enzymatic profiles like root dry biomass (71%) chl-a (66%), chl-b (54%), total chlorophyll (45%), and nitrate reductase activity (NRA) (59%) of peas were decreased. In addition, a NaCl dose-related increase in soluble protein (SP) and sugar (SS), Na + and K + ions, and stressor metabolites was recorded. For instance, at 400 mM NaCl, SP, SS, Na + ion, K + ion, root proline, and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were significantly and maximally elevated by 65, 33, 84, 79, 85, and 89%, respectively, compared to the control (0 mM NaCl). Data analysis indicated that greater doses of pesticides dramatically increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and induced membrane damage through production of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), as well as increased cell injury. To deal with NaCl-induced oxidative stress, plants subjected to higher salinity stress showed a considerable build-up in antioxidant levels. As an example, ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were maximally and significantly ( p ≤ 0.05) increased by 68, 80, 74, and 58%, respectively, after 400 mM NaCl exposure. The propidium iodide (PI)-stained and NaCl-treated plant roots corroborated the damaging effect of salinity-induced stress on the cell membrane, which was observed under a confocal laser microscope (CLSM). The cells exposed to 400 mM NaCl had maximum fluorescence intensity, indicating that higher level of salts can cause pronounced cell damage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The increases in superoxide ion (O 2 – ) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) content in NaCl-treated plant tissues indicated the elevation of ROS with increasing salt levels. This finding revealed that salt stress can cause toxicity in plants by causing alteration in metabolic activity, oxidative injury, and damage to cell membrane integrity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium Chloride (NaCl)-Induced Physiological Alteration and Oxidative Stress Generation in Pisum sativum (L.): A Toxicity Assessment

Alharbi

Alosaimi

Alghamdi³

2022

ACS Omega

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“…The Ca and Mg directly activated the antioxidant mechanism in plants which involves ATP synthesis and defense mechanisms. The plants show different means to cope with salinity pressure as they increase the activity of certain antioxidant enzymes to keep ROS at the lower level in the cell (Ejaz et al, 2020;Shah et al, 2021). The antioxidants (SOD, POD, CAT, and PPO) significantly increased under Lebosol-Ca and Mg treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of calcium and magnesium on dramatic physiological and anatomical responses in tomato plants

ALrashidi

Alhaithloul

Soliman

et al. 2022

Not Bot Horti Agrobo

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Minerals are the fundamental source of nutrients for plant functions such as photosynthesis, ATP currency, cellular respiration, metabolic activities, defense mechanisms, and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stressors. Minerals are the most significant component of plant nutrition and applying these minerals supplements can increase fruit output. The study’s main aim was to make agricultural farming easier by foliar applying newly created nutrients like Lebosol-calcium and Magnesium. The four treatments: To (Control), T1 (Lebosol-Mg-Plus, 3 ml/L), T2 (Lebosol-Ca-Forte, 3 ml/L), and T3 (Lebosol-Mg-Plus and Lebosol-Ca-Forte, 3 ml/L) was applied as foliar spray to the seedlings of tomato. It was found that T3 substantially enhanced tomato’s morphological features and yield. The treatment T3 significantly increased total soluble protein, chlorophyll content, and antioxidant enzyme activity. Furthermore, the foliar application of T3 considerably improved phenolic and ascorbic acid contents. The general anatomical features of the leaf, stem, and roots of tomato were qualitatively affected by the treatments. Application of Lebosol-Ca provided the highest total thickness of lamina, number of vessel elements, total phloem area, chlorenchyma layer, total area of vessel elements, xylem ratio, and increased palisade layer thickness, vessel diameter. Furthermore, T3 treatment showed a diverse impact on the internal structure of tomato organs, with palisade and spongy parenchyma growing to maximum values and vessel diameters expanding. T3 had also posed remarkable alterations in morpho-physiological, biochemical, and anatomical aspects in tested plants.

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“…It is important to mention that the P5CSF129A gene, encoding a mutant D1-pyrroline-5carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) promoting proline overproduction in chickpeas, was introduced in field trials at ICRISAT (Bhatnagar-Mathur et al, 2009). Reduction in MDA levels, as measured by the formation of proline under drought and cold stress, was associated with enhanced levels of proline synthesis and formation in the leaves (Ejaz et al, 2020). During the progressive drying phase, only very few occurrences showed a noticeable increase in biomass, suggesting that over-expression of proline had no useful effect on accumulation of biomass.…”

Section: Trans-genomics: Use Of Gene-based Approach To Understand Col...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Temperature Stress Tolerance: An Insight Into the Omics Approaches for Legume Crops

Bhat

Mahajan²,

Pakhtoon³

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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The change in climatic conditions is the major cause for decline in crop production worldwide. Decreasing crop productivity will further lead to increase in global hunger rate. Climate change results in environmental stress which has negative impact on plant-like deficiencies in growth, crop yield, permanent damage, or death if the plant remains in the stress conditions for prolonged period. Cold stress is one of the main abiotic stresses which have already affected the global crop production. Cold stress adversely affects the plants leading to necrosis, chlorosis, and growth retardation. Various physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses under cold stress have revealed that the cold resistance is more complex than perceived which involves multiple pathways. Like other crops, legumes are also affected by cold stress and therefore, an effective technique to mitigate cold-mediated damage is critical for long-term legume production. Earlier, crop improvement for any stress was challenging for scientific community as conventional breeding approaches like inter-specific or inter-generic hybridization had limited success in crop improvement. The availability of genome sequence, transcriptome, and proteome data provides in-depth sight into different complex mechanisms under cold stress. Identification of QTLs, genes, and proteins responsible for cold stress tolerance will help in improving or developing stress-tolerant legume crop. Cold stress can alter gene expression which further leads to increases in stress protecting metabolites to cope up the plant against the temperature fluctuations. Moreover, genetic engineering can help in development of new cold stress-tolerant varieties of legume crop. This paper provides a general insight into the “omics” approaches for cold stress in legume crops.

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Role of Osmolytes in the Mechanisms of Antioxidant Defense of Plants

Cited by 34 publications

References 78 publications

Sodium Chloride (NaCl)-Induced Physiological Alteration and Oxidative Stress Generation in Pisum sativum (L.): A Toxicity Assessment

Sodium Chloride (NaCl)-Induced Physiological Alteration and Oxidative Stress Generation in Pisum sativum (L.): A Toxicity Assessment

Role of calcium and magnesium on dramatic physiological and anatomical responses in tomato plants

Low Temperature Stress Tolerance: An Insight Into the Omics Approaches for Legume Crops

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