Role of optical coherence tomography angiography in early detection of retinal microvascular changes in adolescents with type 1 diabetes

Abstract

Purpose: Early detection of diabetic retinopathy can prevent progressive visual loss. Evaluate the role of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) in early detection of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in type 1 diabetes (T1D) adolescents with normal fundus photography. Methods: Cross-sectional study included 150 eyes of 75 T1D adolescents from the Diabetes Endocrine and Metabolism Pediatric Unit, Children hospital, Cairo University. Their ages ranged from 10-18 years and diabetes duration 2 years or more. Fundus photography, OCT and OCTA were done in the diagnostic and laser unit, Ophthalmology department. Results: Twenty-eight patients (37.3%) had abnormalities in the OCTA despite normal fundus examination, photography and OCT. Diabetes duration, DKA at presentation and frequency, elevated blood pressure, limited joint mobility, elevated HbA1c and dyslipidemia had a negative correlation with OCTA measurements (foveal, parafoveal and perifoveal densities). Patients with abnormal OCTA had significantly higher mean age, higher DKA frequency, and lower height SDS (p=0.034, 0.011 and 0.001 respectively). Univariate and multivariate analysis revealed age and DKA at diabetes presentation are significant predictors for abnormal OCTA. Conclusion: OCTA can be used in early detection of diabetic retinopathy in T1D adolescents especially with risk factors (Elevated HbA1c, frequent DKA, decreased height SDS and limited joint mobility).

Lipoprotein abnormalities in diabetic patients

“…This variation in prevalence may be due to differences in the Body Mass Index (BMI) and the different genetic variation of populations. A study by Ahmad et al reported that 21% diabetic subjects had raised serum cholesterol i.e., >200mg/dl while 34.2% diabetic subjects of the study had raised TGs i.e., >150mg/dl [13]. While our study found out that TGs mean and SD of 197.29±68.56* for Group I (Diabetics) and 141.16±42.63 for Group II (Controls) with a MD of 56.13.…”