Role of nuclear energy to a future society of shortage of energy resources and global warming

Saito, Shuji

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2009.10.002

Cited by 62 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…I rradiation resistance is one of the critical material properties that is important for many applications including nuclear energy [1][2][3][4] , outer space systems 5 and other industrial applications 6,7 . Materials under irradiation of high-energy particles, such as neutrons, ions and electrons, will develop point defects or defect clusters, which may subsequently evolve into microstructural flaws, such as voids, dislocation loops, solute segregation or precipitation 3,[8][9][10][11][12] .…”

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confidence: 99%

In-situ atomic-scale observation of irradiation-induced void formation

et al. 2013

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The formation of voids in an irradiated material significantly degrades its physical and mechanical properties. Void nucleation and growth involve discrete atomic-scale processes that, unfortunately, are not yet well understood due to the lack of direct experimental examination. Here we report an in-situ atomic-scale observation of the nucleation and growth of voids in hexagonal close-packed magnesium under electron irradiation. The voids are found to first grow into a plate-like shape, followed by a gradual transition to a nearly equiaxial geometry. Using atomistic simulations, we show that the initial growth in length is controlled by slow nucleation kinetics of vacancy layers on basal facets and anisotropic vacancy diffusivity. The subsequent thickness growth is driven by thermodynamics to reduce surface energy. These experiments represent unprecedented resolution and characterization of void nucleation and growth under irradiation, and might help with understanding the irradiation damage of other hexagonal close-packed materials.

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confidence: 99%

In-situ atomic-scale observation of irradiation-induced void formation

et al. 2013

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“…Nuclear energy is considered to be one of the clean and efficient energy sources and plays a significant role in addition to natural renewable energy sources (Saito, 2010). The further development of nuclear energy is an important way for mankind to solve the future energy crisis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Yttrium Contents on the Microstructure of a Hot-Rolled Tantalum-Containing 12Cr-ODS Steel

et al. 2019

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Dual-phase oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) steels of Fe−12Cr-xY (x = 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 wt%) have been fabricated by casting, hot-forging and subsequent hot-rolling. Microstructure of the hot-rolled samples was carefully characterized by use of electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results show that all the samples consist of ferrite phase with coarse fiber grains (elongated along the rolling direction) and martensite phase in the form of fine block grains. As the Y addition increases, the ratio of ferrite to martensite and density of low-angle boundaries (LABs) within the martensite and ferrite grains do not change significantly. The Y 2 O 3 particles introduced by self-oxidation during casting are survived without being dissolved or refined after hot-forging and hot-rolling. However, as the Y addition increases, the Y 2 O 3 particles tend to aggregate with fine M 23 C 6 and TaC carbides. The hardness of the sample with high Y additions is lower than that of the samples with none or low Y additions, which could be attributed to the aggregation coarsening of the yttria and TaC particles, resulting in a decrease in dispersion strengthening effect. The effect of Y additions on microtexture was also discussed.

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“…1 Technological improvements in power plant design, passive safety features, proliferation-resistant fuel cycles, and analytical nuclear material management methodology will allow for nuclear energy to penetrate emerging electricity markets. 2 Nuclear power plants are considered to be in their third technological generation as of 2019, with a Generation-III+ fleet of reactors currently being commercialized. Generation-IV nuclear power plants and fuel cycles drift away from aqueous systems in favor of higher-temperature materials, such as molten salts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%