Role of Novel Drug Delivery Systems in Bioavailability Enhancement: At A Glance

Abstract

Novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) are one of the most strategies which enable to overcome the problems related to drug bioavailability. It is the rate and extent to which a drug becomes available to the target tissue after its administration. Most of the new drugs used today have poor bioavailability and are required to be administered at higher doses because only a small fraction of the administered dose is absorbed in the systemic circulation and able to reach the target site. This results in the wastage of major amount of drug and lead to adverse effects. Pharmaceutical technology mainly focuses on enhancing the solubility and permeability of drugs with lower bioavailability. Nanotechnology is the concept used in NDDS that enables a weight reduction of drug particles accompanied by an increase in stability and improved functionality. Various approaches such as nanosuspensions, liposomes, niosomes, nanoemulsions, cubosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), cyclodextrins, phytosome etc., are used for the enhancement of bioavailability. The present review focuses on the different approaches used for bioavailability enhancement along with their advantages and disadvantages.

Increased Oral Bioavailability of Piperine from an Optimized Piper nigrum Nanosuspension

“…To the best of our knowledge, the formulation and pharmacokinetic evaluation of the nanosuspension of the P. nigrum plant extract have been conducted for the first time. In summary, nanosuspensions possess smaller particle sizes, higher surface areas, faster dissolution rates, less drug doses, lesser side effects, and enhanced bioavailability [43]. The results showed a distinctive comparison of the pharmacokinetics and dissolution properties between the nanosuspension and the coarse suspension of P. nigrum.…”

Medicinal Plants Having Antifungal Properties

“…• It is easy to load phytoconstituents of any chemical nature whether it is hydrophilic, amphiphilic or lipophilic [40].…”

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“…Nano-emulsions are biodegradable as well biocompatible in nature, easy to scale up, used for lipophilic drugs. Surfactant and ingredients used in the formulation of nanoemulsion which are approved by generally recognized as a safe (GRAS), regulatory authorities 31 . Due to their large surface area, they provide excellent drug release patterns.…”

“…Antigen and small molecules mainly encapsulated in Niosomes 32 . Niosomes successfully used for oral administration of protein and peptides and both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs can be embedded in niosome vesicles 31,40 .…”