Role of Nonverbal Behaviors in Social Judgments of Peers' Assertiveness

Norton-Ford, Julian D.; Hogan, Douglas R.

doi:10.2466/pr0.1980.46.3c.1085

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Nonverbal behaviors associated with dominance include bodily expansion or openness (Cashdan, 1998; Hall et al, 2005); physical proximity (Hall et al, 2005); eye contact, particularly while speaking (vs. listening, Dovidio, Brown, Heltman, Ellyson, & Keating, 1988; Dovidio & Ellyson, 1982; Dovidio, Ellyson, Keating, Heltman, & Brown, 1988; Kimble & Musgrove, 1988); touching others (but not self-touching, Goldberg & Katz, 1990; Kleinke, 1977; Street & Buller, 1987); and intrusive gestures such as pointing (Ridgeway, 1987). Likewise, paraverbal behaviors associated with dominance include talk time (Cashdan, 1998; Dovidio, Brown, et al, 1988; Kalma, 1991; Kimble & Musgrove, 1988; Leaper & Ayres, 2007; Van de Sande, 1980); a lack of hesitations in speech (Fragale, 2006; Norton-Ford & Hogan, 1980); speech volume (Kimble & Musgrove, 1988; Ko, Sadler, & Galinsky, 2015; Norton-Ford & Hogan, 1980; Remland & Jones, 1994); and interruptions (Street & Buller, 1987).…”

Section: An Inclusive Definition Of Dominancementioning

confidence: 99%

The subtle suspension of backlash: A meta-analysis of penalties for women’s implicit and explicit dominance behavior.

Williams

Tiedens

2016

Psychological Bulletin

251

213

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Previous research suggests that women, more than men, experience negative outcomes when they display dominance. A closer look, however, reveals ambiguity about the specific forms of dominance proscribed for women. Here, we suggest that negative reactions to women's dominance, a counter-stereotypical behavior, may require that the behavior be clearly encoded as counter-stereotypical-which is less likely when the behavior is expressed implicitly. This hypothesis was tested with a meta-analysis of studies on the evaluation of individuals behaving dominantly, including articles not directly investigating gender. Results revealed that dominance indeed hurts women's, relative to men's, likability (although the overall effect is small, d = -0.19, k = 63), as well as more downstream outcomes such as hireability (d = -0.58, k = 20). More important, however, dominance expressed explicitly (e.g., direct demands) affected women's likability (d = -0.28) whereas implicit forms of dominance (e.g., eye contact) did not (d = 0.03). Finally, the effect of dominance on men's and women's perceived competence did not differ (d = 0.02, k = 31), consistent with the idea that it is interpersonal (rather than instrumental) evaluations that obstruct women leaders. Implications for theory, and for the success of male and female leaders, are discussed.

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Section: An Inclusive Definition Of Dominancementioning

confidence: 99%

The subtle suspension of backlash: A meta-analysis of penalties for women’s implicit and explicit dominance behavior.

Williams

Tiedens

2016

Psychological Bulletin

251

213

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Pitch is represented by the average fundamental frequency of a voice sample while intensity is the mean peak amplitude across a sample (Kimble & Seidel, 1973). Intensity is the correlate of physical energy and the degree of loudness of a speech sound (Norton-Ford & Hogan, D. R. 1980). In this study, vocal communication was captured via a boom microphone pointed directly at each participant.…”

Section: Attentional and Physiological Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Level Predictors Of Team Performance and Success

Lum

Sims

Salas

2011

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual

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Low level cognitive measures were examined in the context of team performance and success. Specifically, eye tracking and vocal analysis were examined at the individual level to determine if this type of measurement could be used to predict team performance. The team consisted of 3 undergraduate participants who performed a simulated military planning task. The team had to work together to complete military objectives by rescuing refugees, and moving resources and military aids to different locations. Team performance and success were measured by number of objectives met and amount of time to design and execute the team plan. A stepwise linear regression analysis was run at both the team level and team variability for all operations. The results of the study suggest that low level measures such as eye movements and vocal analyses may be helpful in understanding computer mediated team processing.

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“…such as quickness of response, loudness or intensity, faster or more speech within the period of time, fluency, and intonation and inflection of speech. (Kimble & Seidel, 1991;Norton-Ford & Hogan, 1980).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vocal Analysis and Heart Rate as Measures of Assertiveness and Aggression

Lum¹,

Smith-Jentsch

Sims

et al. 2007

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual

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This study examined the relationship between assertiveness and such physiological features as heart rate and vocal inflections(pitch and intensity). The vocal data were assessed from a first person simulation in which participants interacted with video-based characters. During the simulation, the participants' partner (friend, family member, or acquaintance) completed inventories that asked their perceptions of the participant's assertiveness and aggressiveness for the scenes. Results found heart rate and mean intensity of speech were unique indicators of peer-rated aggressiveness. Also, standard deviation in pitch and heart rate accounted for unique variance in peer-rated assertiveness. The results suggest that physiological and verbal measures may be a useful means of distinguishing between assertiveness and aggressiveness of team members.

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Role of Nonverbal Behaviors in Social Judgments of Peers' Assertiveness

Cited by 6 publications

References 4 publications

The subtle suspension of backlash: A meta-analysis of penalties for women’s implicit and explicit dominance behavior.

The subtle suspension of backlash: A meta-analysis of penalties for women’s implicit and explicit dominance behavior.

Low-Level Predictors Of Team Performance and Success

Vocal Analysis and Heart Rate as Measures of Assertiveness and Aggression

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