Role of nitrergic nerves in the regulation of motility of the omasum and abomasum in healthy sheep (Ovis aries)

Abstract

We examined the physiological role of nitrergic nerves in the regulation of omasal and abomasal motility in conscious healthy sheep and omasal muscle specimens. Nitric oxide (NO)-donor, S-nitroso-acethyl-dl-penicillamine (SNAP, 3-30 nmol/kg per min, i.v.) significantly inhibited omasal electromyographic (EMG) activity, whereas it did not alter EMG activity in the abomasal antrum. However, NO synthase inhibitor, Nomega-nitro-l-arginine-methyl ester (L-NAME, 0.3-3.0 micromol/kg per min, i.v.) did not alter EMG activity of the omasum and abomasum. In the in vitro experiments, SNAP application (6-200 micromol/l) significantly inhibited bethanechol (10 micromol/l)-induced contraction of longitudinal and circular muscles of the omasum. L-NAME application (0.03-3.0 mmol/l) enhanced electric field stimulation-induced contractions of the circular muscles. The results suggest that the omasal muscles are responsive to exogenous NO and that nitrergic nerves innervate the circular muscle layer of the omasum, however, nitrergic nerves are not or scarcely involved the physiological regulation of omasal and possibly abomasal motility in healthy sheep.

Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Helminth Parasites of Himalayan goral (Naemorhedus goral) in Kazinag National Park, Jammu and Kashmir, India

“…Gastrointestinal helminth parasites infecting ungulates have profound impacts on their productivity. Parasites infecting such ungulates include coccidian parasites, nematodes, cestodes and trematodes (Onaga et al, 2009;Komaronny, 2010). The wild animals serve as a reservoir of various intestinal parasites including nematodes and trematodes (Richards et al1995;Karbowiak et al,1999) and interactions of these wild animals in different ecosystems execute considerable role in hauling of parasites among different species (Bengis et al, 2002;Smith et al, 2009).…”

Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of sheep and goats slaughtered in Minna Modern Abattoir, Niger State, Nigeria

“…The level of environmental contamination is influenced by factors including biotic potential of helminths, host immune status and hypobiosis. These parasites are a worldwide problem for both small and large-scale farmers, but there is a greater instance in sub-Saharan Africa in general and Nigeria in particular due to the availability of a wide range of agro-ecological factors suitable for diversified host and parasite species (Onaga et al, 2009). Important groups of the gastrointestinal parasites known to infect livestock especially include the coccidian parasites, nematodes, cestodes, and trematodes (Onaga et al, 2009;Komaromy, 2010).…”

“…These parasites are a worldwide problem for both small and large-scale farmers, but there is a greater instance in sub-Saharan Africa in general and Nigeria in particular due to the availability of a wide range of agro-ecological factors suitable for diversified host and parasite species (Onaga et al, 2009). Important groups of the gastrointestinal parasites known to infect livestock especially include the coccidian parasites, nematodes, cestodes, and trematodes (Onaga et al, 2009;Komaromy, 2010). The conditions they cause result in considerable economic losses owing to mortality, stunted growth and partial or complete condemnations of the carcasses at the slaughter houses (Lüscher et al, 2005).…”

Survey on the Prevalence and Burden of Gastrointestinal Helminths Infections of Cattle Slaughtered at Dutse Modern Abattoir, Jigawa State, Nigeria

“…Nematodiru ssp, Ascaris sp, Strogyloides sp), trematodes (e.g Paraphistomum sp, Schistosomum sp) and cestode (e.g.Monienzia sp.) (Onaga et al, 2009). These gastrointestinal parasites have caused direct production loss to livestock and indirectly by retarding growth, lowering productivity and increasing the susceptibility of animals to other infections (Yadav et al, 2006).…”