Role of neurotransmitter Substance P in progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma

2017

Front. Neurol.

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Sudden demise of a healthy fetus or a neonate is a very tragic episode in the life of parents. These deaths have been a mystery since ages but still remain unexplained. This review proposes the involvement of trigeminal nerve, neurotransmitter substance P (SP), and its receptor neurokinin 1 (NK-1R) in regulation of cardiorespiratory control in fetuses and newborns. Anomalies and immaturity of neuroregulatory systems such as trigeminal system in medulla oblongata of brainstem may provide a possible mechanism of sudden perinatal deaths. Vulnerable infants are born with respiratory center immaturity which in combination with any stressor such as cold, hypoxia, and smoking may lead to cessation of breathing and ventilatory response. SP/NK-1R may be involved in regulating the ventilatory control in neonates while it is decreased in fetal and adult life in humans, and any alterations from these may lead to irreversible sleep apnea and fatal breathing, ultimately sudden death. This review summarizes the studies performed to highlight the expression of SP or NK-1R in sudden perinatal deaths and proposes the involvement of trigeminal ganglion along with its nerve and SP/NK-1R expression alteration as one of the possible pathophysiological underlying mechanism. However, further studies are required to explore the role of SP, NK-1R, and trigeminal system in the pathogenesis of sudden infant deaths, sudden intrauterine deaths, stillbirths, and sudden deaths later in human life.

Section: Evidence Of Involvement Of Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus In Respsupporting

confidence: 87%

Substance P/Neurokinin 1 and Trigeminal System: A Possible Link to the Pathogenesis in Sudden Perinatal Deaths

2017

Front. Neurol.

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“…The results were recorded as positive when they showed cellular and/or plasma membrane staining ranging from moderate to strong in more than 10% of the cells. By consensus among the pathologists, the intensity of the immunoreactive cells was scored as follows: when less than 10% of the total cells were stained, the number of immunoreactive cells was considered low (+1), it was considered moderate when 10-40% were stained (+2) and high when more than 40% were stained (+3) [24]. The specimens were examined and photo-graphed at ×200 magnification utilizing a digital microscope camera (Olympus AX80 DP21; Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) interfaced with a computer.…”

Section: Immunohistochemical Staining For Nk-1rmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The neurokinins are a class of peptide signaling molecules that mediate a range of central and peripheral functions including pain processing, gastrointestinal function, stress responses, like hematopoiesis [8], wound healing [9], increased vascular permeability, neurogenic inflammation, leukocyte infiltration, cell survival and anxiety [10]. It is also involved in carcinogenesis as reported in many studies and lead to metastasis [11][12][13][14]. SP has a variety of physiological functions in humans, particularly, nervous, immune and cardiovascular systems [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated Neurokinin 1-Receptor Expression in uterine products of conception is associated with first trimester Miscarriages

Gilani

Hassan

et al. 2020

Preprint

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AbstractBackgroundMiscarriage is a common complication of early pregnancy, mostly occurring in first trimester. However, the etiological factors, prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers are not well known. Neurokinin-1 Receptor (NK-1R) is a receptor of tachykinin peptide, Substance P (SP) and has a role in various pathological conditions, cancers but it’s association with miscarriages and significance as a clinicopathological parameter is not studied. Accordingly, the present study aimed to clarify the localization and expression for NK-1R in human retained products of conception. Role of NK-1R is not known in miscarriages.Materials and MethodsNK-1R expression was assessed in products of conception by immunohistochemistry. Protein expression was evaluated using the nuclear labelling index (%).ResultsTen human products of conception tissues were studied by immunohistochemistry to demonstrate the localization of NK-1R. The expression of NK-1R protein was high in all the cases of POCs. NK-1R expression showed no notable differences among different cases of miscarriages irrespective of the mother’s age and gestational age at which the event occurred.ConclusionsExpression of NK-1R was similar in all the cases and it was intense. It shows that dysregulation of NK-1R along with its ligand Substance P might be involved in miscarriages. Our results provide fundamental data regarding this anti-NK-1R strategy. Thus, the present study recommends that SP/NK1R system might, therefore, be considered as an emerging and promising diagnostic and therapeutic strategy against miscarriages. Hence, we report for the first time, the expression and localization of NK-1R in products of conception. We suggest NK-1R antagonist in addition to the Immunoglobulins and Human chorionic gonadotropin, to diagnose and treat spontaneous miscarriages.

“…We have followed the same methods for data collection and immunohistochemistry as done in our previous study [22].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DPX mounting medium was used and slides were cover slipped. Methods are similar to one of our previous study on oral squamous cell carcinoma [22].…”

Section: Substance P/nk-1r Immunohistochemistry (Ihc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognostic significance of Substance P/ Neurokinin 1 receptor and its association with hormonal receptors in breast carcinoma

Gilani

Hassan

et al. 2020

Preprint

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To evaluate the expression and Immunolocalization of Substance P (SP)/ Neurokinin-1Receptor in Breast Carcinoma (BC) patients and it's association with routine proliferative markers (ER, PR, HER2/ neu and Ki-67). MethodsA cross-sectional study was performed on 34 cases of BC. There were 23 cases of group A (Grade III), 8 of group B (Grade II) and only 3 cases of group C (Grade I). Age range comprised of patients from 20-80 years and the mean age of patients was 45.74 years. HE, ER, PR, HER2 and Ki-67 staining was performed as routine biomarkers. Samples were then processed for immunomarkers study of Substance P and NK-1R immunohistochemistry was performed for few cases. Results14/23 cases (61%) of group A, 7/8 cases (88%) of group B and 2/3 (67%) cases of group C were SP positive. Overall, strong staining (≥ 10% tumors cells), labeled as "3+", was observed in 9/14 (64.2%) cases of group A and 1/8 (12.5%) case of group B. Moderate staining labelled as "2+" (in ≥ 10% tumor cells) was observed in 3/14 (21.4%) cases of group A, 4/8 (50%) cases of group B. weak positive staining "1+" was observed in only 2/14 (14.28%) cases of group A, 2/8 (25%) cases of group B and all 2/2 (100%) cases of group C. ConclusionsSP and NK-1R is overexpressed in breast carcinomas and there is significant association between grade of tumor and their overexpression. It may serve as a novel biomarker for grading of BC. We also suggest that NK-1R antagonists as a potential therapeutic strategy to inhibit and manage BC.