Role of neuromediators in the functioning of the human microbiota: “Business talks” among microorganisms and the microbiota-host dialogue

Oleskin, Alexander V.; Эль-Регистан, Г. И.; Shenderov, Boris A.

doi:10.1134/s0026261716010082

Cited by 56 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…Furthermore, neurotransmitters in the brain serve indispensable roles in maintaining proper brain functions. Neurotransmitters such as GABA, glutamate (Glu), serotonin (5-HT), DA, NE, histamine and acetylcholine (ACh) are known to be synthesized by the gut microbiota (Oleskin et al, 2016). Notably, Lactobacillus, a prominent probiotic genus, produces multiple neurotransmitters in a species-dependent manner in vitro (Table 1).…”

Section: The Mgb Axis and Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antidepressive Mechanisms of Probiotics and Their Therapeutic Potential

et al. 2020

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The accumulating knowledge of the host-microbiota interplay gives rise to the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis. The MGB axis depicts the interkingdom communication between the gut microbiota and the brain. This communication process involves the endocrine, immune and neurotransmitters systems. Dysfunction of these systems, along with the presence of gut dysbiosis, have been detected among clinically depressed patients. This implicates the involvement of a maladaptive MGB axis in the pathophysiology of depression. Depression refers to symptoms that characterize major depressive disorder (MDD), a mood disorder with a disease burden that rivals that of heart diseases. The use of probiotics to treat depression has gained attention in recent years, as evidenced by increasing numbers of animal and human studies that have supported the antidepressive efficacy of probiotics. Physiological changes observed in these studies allow for the elucidation of probiotics antidepressive mechanisms, which ultimately aim to restore proper functioning of the MGB axis. However, the understanding of mechanisms does not yet complete the endeavor in applying probiotics to treat MDD. Other challenges remain which include the heterogeneous nature of both the gut microbiota composition and depressive symptoms in the clinical setting. Nevertheless, probiotics offer some advantages over standard pharmaceutical antidepressants, in terms of residual symptoms, side effects and stigma involved. This review outlines antidepressive mechanisms of probiotics based on the currently available literature and discusses therapeutic potentials of probiotics for depression.

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Section: The Mgb Axis and Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antidepressive Mechanisms of Probiotics and Their Therapeutic Potential

et al. 2020

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“…2 d, CRF expression in colon and hippocampus significantly increased in the CUMS model group without treatment (p < 0.01), compared with that in the stress-free normal group. Commensal bacteria have been shown to produce neurotransmitters such as dopamine and noradrenaline [19]. In both animal models and humans, CRF is the neurohormone that initiates both the peripheral and central responses to stress and ▶ Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antidepressant Effects and Mechanisms of the Total Iridoids of Valeriana jatamansi on the Brain-Gut Axis

et al. 2019

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Valeriana jatamansi is widely used in Chinese folk medicine and contains iridoids as important active ingredients. The brain-gut axis describes a complex bidirectional system between the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract. Herein, we evaluated the antidepressant effects of total iridoids of Valeriana jatamansi (TIV) and preliminarily investigated the effects of gut microbiota on their antidepressant effects using a chronic, unpredictable mild-stress mouse model. Mice were given 5.7, 11.4, or 22.9 mg/kg TIV for 1 week. Fluoxetine (2.6 mg/kg) served as a positive control. Body weight was measured, and behavioral tests including SPT and TST were applied. Colon pathology was assessed through hematoxylin-eosin staining. Additionally, levels of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), norepinephrine (NE), substance P (SP) and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in the hippocampus and colon were measured by ELISA. In addition, 16SrRNA gene sequencing was performed to explore changes in intestinal microbiota richness and diversity. Our results demonstrated that the model group showed significant depression-like behavior, while the fluoxetine group showed improved depression-like symptoms; after administration, TIV increased body weight, sucrose solution consumption, and ameliorated depression-like behaviors. The overall cell degeneration in colons also improved. In addition, TIV modulated the levels of 5-HT, NE, SP, and CRF expression in the hippocampus and colon. The diversity and richness of gut microbes increased compared to the model group. We therefore conclude that the antidepressant effects of TIV may be related to gut flora structures and regulation of 5-HT, NE, SP, and CRF in the brain and intestine.

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“… 56 Diet figures prominently in maintaining or altering the commensal homeostasis composition of the GI microbiota, 10 , 14 , 54 , 57–59 and the formulation of diets rich in functional medicinal foods (food-drugs) 60 is driving the emergent field of (neuro)regenerative nutrition. 61 , 62 Although the mechanistic pathways remain mostly obscure, numerous studies show that through reciprocal interactions with the gut–brain axis 51 , 63–67 the gut microbiome can influence neural development, cognition, and behavior. 43 , 46 , 54 , 68–70 In turn, changes in behavior can alter the gut microbial composition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota and Salivary Diagnostics: The Mouth Is Salivating to Tell Us Something

Kodukula

Faller

Harpp

et al. 2017

BioResearch Open Access

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The microbiome of the human body represents a symbiosis of microbial networks spanning multiple organ systems. Bacteria predominantly represent the diversity of human microbiota, but not to be forgotten are fungi, viruses, and protists. Mounting evidence points to the fact that the “microbial signature” is host-specific and relatively stable over time. As our understanding of the human microbiome and its relationship to the health of the host increases, it is becoming clear that many and perhaps most chronic conditions have a microbial involvement. The oral and gastrointestinal tract microbiome constitutes the bulk of the overall human microbial load, and thus presents unique opportunities for advancing human health prognosis, diagnosis, and therapy development. This review is an attempt to catalog a broad diversity of recent evidence and focus it toward opportunities for prevention and treatment of debilitating illnesses.

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Role of neuromediators in the functioning of the human microbiota: “Business talks” among microorganisms and the microbiota-host dialogue

Cited by 56 publications

References 114 publications

Antidepressive Mechanisms of Probiotics and Their Therapeutic Potential

Antidepressive Mechanisms of Probiotics and Their Therapeutic Potential

Antidepressant Effects and Mechanisms of the Total Iridoids of Valeriana jatamansi on the Brain-Gut Axis

Gut Microbiota and Salivary Diagnostics: The Mouth Is Salivating to Tell Us Something

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