Role of Neurokinin B and Dynorphin A in pituitary gonadotroph and somatolactotroph cell lines

Mijiddorj, Tselmeg; Kanasaki, Haruhiko; Purwana, Indri N.; Oride, Aki; Sukhbaatar, Unurjargar; Miyazaki, Kohji

doi:10.1507/endocrj.ej11-0401

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…FSHβ and GtHα transcript expression were not affected by static incubation with grass carp NKBa and NKBRPa (Hu et al, 2014). These results are consistent with a recent study in mouse pituitary gonadotroph LβT2 cells, in which NKB was found to have no effects on both basal as well as GnRH-induced LHβ and FSHβ gene transcription despite the fact that endogenous expression of NK3R could be detected in the cell line (Mijiddorj et al, 2012).…”

Section: Emerging Story Of Tac3 Gene Products In Fish Modelssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…It is also worth mentioning that the current studies on the reproductive functions of NKB/ NK3R system are focused mainly on GnRH regulation within the hypothalamus. Given that (i) different NKR subtypes are known to be expressed in the pituitary, e.g., NK1R (Larsen et al, 1992) and NK2R in the rat pituitary (Pisera et al, 2003), and (ii) NKB induction of PRL release and enhancement of TRH-induced PRL gene transcription have been reported in rat pituitary cells (Henriksen et al, 1995) and GH 3 lactotroph cell line (Mijiddorj et al, 2012), respectively, the possibility of LH regulation by NKB via direct action at the pituitary level cannot be excluded.…”

Section: Kndy Neurons and Gnrh Pulse Generatormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neurokinin B and reproductive functions: “KNDy neuron” model in mammals and the emerging story in fish

Lin

et al. 2014

General and Comparative Endocrinology

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In mammals, neurokinin B (NKB), the gene product of the tachykinin family member TAC3, is known to be a key regulator for episodic release of luteinizing hormone (LH). Its regulatory actions are mediated by a subpopulation of kisspeptin neurons within the arcuate nucleus with co-expression of NKB and dynorphin A (commonly called the "KNDy neurons"). By forming an "autosynaptic feedback loop" within the hypothalamus, the KNDy neurons can modulate gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulsatility and subsequent LH release in the pituitary. NKB regulation of LH secretion has been recently demonstrated in zebrafish, suggesting that the reproductive functions of NKB may be conserved from fish to mammals. Interestingly, the TAC3 genes in fish not only encode the mature peptide of NKB but also a novel tachykinin-like peptide, namely NKB-related peptide (or neurokinin F). Recent studies in zebrafish also reveal that the neuroanatomy of TAC3/kisspeptin system within the fish brain is quite different from that of mammals. In this article, the current ideas of "KNDy neuron" model for GnRH regulation and steroid feedback, other reproductive functions of NKB including its local actions in the gonad and placenta, the revised model of tachykinin evolution from invertebrates to vertebrates, as well as the emerging story of the two TAC3 gene products in fish, NKB and NKB-related peptide, will be reviewed with stress on the areas with interesting questions for future investigations.

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Section: Emerging Story Of Tac3 Gene Products In Fish Modelssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Kndy Neurons and Gnrh Pulse Generatormentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurokinin B and reproductive functions: “KNDy neuron” model in mammals and the emerging story in fish

Lin

et al. 2014

General and Comparative Endocrinology

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“…Recently, attempt has been made using pituitary cell lines to test NKB actions. In rat GH 3 lactotrophs, NKB had no effects on basal but elevated TRH-induced PRL promoter activity, whereas similar treatment in L␤T2 gonadotrophs did not alter basal as well as GnRH-induced LH␤ and FSH␤ promoter activities (25). In carp pituitary cells, we have the novel findings that the gene products of carp TAC3, NKB and NKBRP, could increase PRL and SL␣ release, cell content, total production, and mRNA levels in a time-and dose-dependent manner.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…NKB activation of kisspeptin output to GnRH neurons, however, can be suppressed by local release of dynorphin from KNDy neurons, and this inhibition is mediated via -type opioid receptor (21) and highly dependent on steroid background of the animal (19). Although NKB is involved in LH regulation via kisspeptin/GnRH modulation in the hypothalamus, its pituitary actions cannot be excluded, because NKR expression (eg, NK1R and NK2R) can be detected in the pituitary (22,23) and NKB-induced prolactin (PRL) release (24) and enhancement of TRH-induced PRL gene transcription (25) have been reported in rat pituitary cells and lactotroph cell line, respectively. Of note, NK3R has not been identified at the pituitary level in mammals, and the postreceptor signaling for the pituitary actions of NKB are still unknown.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Pituitary Actions of TAC3 Gene Products in Fish Model: Receptor Specificity and Signal Transduction for Prolactin and Somatolactin α Regulation by Neurokinin B (NKB) and NKB-Related Peptide in Carp Pituitary Cells

et al. 2014

Endocrinology

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TAC3 is a member of tachykinins, and its gene product neurokinin B (NKB) has recently emerged as a key regulator for LH through modulation of kisspeptin/GnRH system within the hypothalamus. In fish models, TAC3 not only encodes NKB but also a novel tachykinin-like peptide called NKB-related peptide (NKBRP), and the pituitary actions of these TAC3 gene products are still unknown. Using grass carp as a model, the direct effects and postreceptor signaling for the 2 TAC3 products were examined at the pituitary level. Grass carp TAC3 was cloned and confirmed to encode NKB and NKBRP similar to that of other fish species. In carp pituitary cells, NKB and NKBRP treatment did not affect LH release and gene expression but up-regulated prolactin (PRL) and somatolactin (SL)α secretion, protein production, and transcript expression. The stimulation by these 2 TAC3 gene products on PRL and SLα release and mRNA levels were mediated by pituitary NK2 and NK3 receptors, respectively. Apparently, NKB- and NKBRP-induced SLα secretion and transcript expression were caused by adenylate cyclase/cAMP/protein kinase A, phospholipase C/inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate/protein kinase C and Ca(2+)/calmodulin/Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II activation. The signal transduction for the corresponding responses on PRL release and mRNA expression were also similar, except that the protein kinase C component was not involved. These findings suggest that the 2 TAC3 gene products do not play a role in LH regulation at the pituitary level in carp species but may serve as novel stimulators for PRL and SLα synthesis and secretion via overlapping postreceptor signaling mechanisms coupled to NK2 and NK3 receptors, respectively.

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“…In line with this hypothesis, the NKB receptor NK3R is expressed on GnRH nerve terminals at the median eminence in close apposition to areas of NKB immunoreactivity . Alternatively NKB and DYN may be released in the portal blood to act on the pituitary because pituitary cell lineages express both NK3R and the DYN receptor KOR .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Photoperiodic Co‐Regulation of Kisspeptin, Neurokinin B and Dynorphin in the Hypothalamus of a Seasonal Rodent

Bartzen-Sprauer

Klosen

Ciofi

et al. 2014

J Neuroendocrinology

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In many species, sexual activity varies on a seasonal basis. Kisspeptin (Kp), a hypothalamic neuropeptide acting as a strong activator of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neurones, plays a critical role in this adaptive process. Recent studies report that two other neuropeptides, namely neurokinin B (NKB) and dynorphin (DYN), are co-expressed with Kp (and therefore termed KNDy neurones) in the arcuate nucleus and that these peptides are also considered to influence GnRH secretion. The present study aimed to establish whether hypothalamic NKB and DYN expression is photoperiod-dependent in a seasonal rodent, the Syrian hamster, which exhibits robust seasonal rhythms in reproductive activity. The majority of Kp neurones in the arcuate nucleus co-express NKB and DYN and the expression of all three peptides is decreased under a short (compared to long) photoperiod, leading to a 60% decrease in the number of KNDy neurones under photo-inhibitory conditions. In seasonal rodents, RFamide-related peptide (RFRP) neurones of the dorsomedial hypothalamus are also critical for seasonal reproduction. Interestingly, NKB and DYN are also expressed in the dorsomedial hypothalamus but do not co-localise with RFRP-immunoreactive neurones, and the expression of both NKB and DYN is higher under a short photoperiod, which is opposite to the short-day inhibition of RFRP expression. In conclusion, the present study shows that NKB and DYN display different photoperiodic variations in the Syrian hamster hypothalamus. In the arcuate nucleus, NKB and DYN, together with Kp, are down-regulated under a short photoperiod, whereas, in the dorsomedial hypothalamus, NKB and DYN are up-regulated under a short photoperiod.

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Role of Neurokinin B and Dynorphin A in pituitary gonadotroph and somatolactotroph cell lines

Cited by 11 publications

References 38 publications

Neurokinin B and reproductive functions: “KNDy neuron” model in mammals and the emerging story in fish

Neurokinin B and reproductive functions: “KNDy neuron” model in mammals and the emerging story in fish

Novel Pituitary Actions of TAC3 Gene Products in Fish Model: Receptor Specificity and Signal Transduction for Prolactin and Somatolactin α Regulation by Neurokinin B (NKB) and NKB-Related Peptide in Carp Pituitary Cells

Photoperiodic Co‐Regulation of Kisspeptin, Neurokinin B and Dynorphin in the Hypothalamus of a Seasonal Rodent

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