Role of nanoparticles on microalgal cultivation: A review

Long-Term Toxicity of ZnO Nanoparticles on Scenedesmus rubescens Cultivated in Semi-Batch Mode

“…The toxicity of NPs depends on their physicochemical and morphological characteristics (e.g., particle size and oxidation state) [9,10], the environmental conditions (pH, temperature, and conductivity), and the microorganisms' species [10,11]. Tsuzuki [12] reported that even the production method of NPs leads to different properties.…”

“…Scenedesmus sp. are often used as model microalgae for toxicity tests [10]. Various metal NPs on Scenedesmus sp.…”

“…The lipid content of microalgae is an important factor for the choice of suitable algal species for biofuel production. For this reason, many studies have been focused on NPs' effects on microalgae [8,14,[19][20][21] with the latest studies focusing not on the toxic effects of NPs but in the increased lipid accumulation of microalgae due to NPs' presence [10,22]. The effect of NP toxicity on microalgae in short term and batch mode experiments has been investigated by many researchers.…”

“…have been investigated including Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , SiC, ZnO, and CeO 2 [ 2 , 10 , 11 , 13 ]. Short-term toxicity tests have shown that even at low concentrations, metal NPs have a negative effect on algal photosynthetic metabolism [ 10 ], while at high metal NPs concentrations a lethal damage of the cells may occur. On the other hand, a controlled presence of metal NPs in a Scenedesmus sp.…”

“…On the other hand, a controlled presence of metal NPs in a Scenedesmus sp. culture may have a positive effect on algal growth and lipid content [ 10 , 13 ]. The lipid content of microalgae is an important factor for the choice of suitable algal species for biofuel production.…”