Role of MR Morphology and Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in the Evaluation of Meningiomas: Radio-Pathologic Correlation

Abstract

Introduction: Preoperative differentiation of benign, atypical and malignant meningiomas would significantly help in surgical planning and treatment. The aim of this study is to look at radio- morphologic behavior of various histopathological types and grades of meningiomas and their diffusion characteristics.Methods: We performed an analytical cross-sectional study including all patients operated on for meningiomas at our hospital during January 2016 to July 2018. We studied 38 meningiomas in 38 patients aged 14 to 73 years old. All patients underwent MRI prior to surgery, including diffusion- weighted sequences, in a 1.5T scanner. Signal intensity in T2-weighted images, diffusion-weighted images (b=0, 90 and 1,000), and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient maps within the tumors and in the normal parietal white matter as a reference were evaluated. Results: There was female predilection with male:female ratio of 1:2.4. Most meningiomas were supratentorial with most common origin being parafalcine and convexity. Of the 38 meningiomas, 31 were WHO grade I, 6 were WHO grade II (apalstic) and one was WHO grade III (anaplastic). Similarly, tumors showing pial invasion, breached tumor-brain interface, no capsular enhancement and parenchyma invasion showed significantly low NADC. Mean ADC value was 0.722±7.7x10-3 mm2/s (normalized ADC 0.9±0.1) in the atypical group and 0.876±24.56x10-3 mm2/s (normalized ADC 1.11±0.31) in the typical group. No statistically significant differences of ADC/NADC were found between histologic subtypes. Two subtypes of typical meningiomas, metaplastic and angiomatous meningioma had the highest values in the ADC maps.Conclusions: MR morphology like pial invasion, breached tumors brain interface, parenchymal invasion can predict aggressiveness and atypical nature of meningiomas. Meningioma shows moderately restricted diffusion. The signal on the ADC map is associated with tumors cellularity and aggressiveness suggesting its usefulness for predicting the histological grade.
 Keywords: apparent diffusion coefficient; atypical; histopathology; meningioma; MR morphology.

Predictors of early recurrence in meningioma

“…In opposition to what has been reported, highlighting the importance of the T2w intensity and diffusionweighted images, our ndings led to the valorization of T1w intensity in anticipating the biological aggressiveness of meningioma [22,26,27]. This might re ect high cellular density, some lipid content, or greater tendency to tumour hemorrhage.…”

“…This might re ect high cellular density, some lipid content, or greater tendency to tumour hemorrhage. Additionally, restricted diffusion is another parameter associated with a less benign course of disease [27]. In our study, 81% of recurrent patients had restricted diffusion in MRI.…”

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Primary Extra-Axial Intracranial Tumors: Diagnostic Problems and Prospects of Radiomics

“…Для злокачественных менингиом, в отличие от высокодифференцированных, характерно наличие зон некроза [7,20] и неоднородное (иногда только капсулярное) контрастирование [21,22]. Доброкачественные менингиомы, напротив, имеют однородную структуру на бесконтрастных МР-томограммах и гомогенно повышают сигнальные характеристики при контрастировании [7].…”

“…Нечеткость границы между опухолью и веществом головного мозга с участками отсутствия ликворной щели является признаком инвазии новообразования в мозговую ткань [1,7,22] и злокачественности менингиомы [7,20,21]. В то же время, непрерывность ликворной щели может не прослеживаться у 20% пациентов с доброкачественными менингиомами [7].…”

“…Отмечается более низкий уровень ИКД при атипичных (M2) и злокачественных (M3) менингиомах относительно типичных (M1) [7]. В то же время, имеются работы, где показано, что значения ИКД не является надежным критерием для определения малигнизации менингиом [21,24]. Солитарные фиброзные опухоли имеют более высокое значение ИКД по сравнению менингиомами [25,26].…”