Role of Monitoring in Historical Building Restoration: The Case of Leaning Tower of Pisa

Squeglia, Nunziante; Bentivoglio, Giuseppe

doi:10.1080/15583058.2013.865813

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Extensive instrumental measurements and investigations started only in the 20th century, as illustrated in [1]. The plane of maximum inclination is approximately coincident with the north-south plane.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-Dimensional Nonlinear Seismic Response Analysis Using Strength-Controlled Constitutive Models: The Case of the Leaning Tower of Pisa’s Subsoil

et al. 2018

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Abstract:The Leaning Tower of Pisa was built between 1173 and 1360 and began to lean at the beginning of its construction. Extensive investigations to reveal the causes of the tilting only began in the early 20th century. Although few earthquakes have been recorded, there is a renewed interest in the seismic behavior of the tower triggered by the availability of new data and technologies. This paper highlights the influence of using new strength-controlled constitutive models in case of 1D nonlinear response analysis. This is an aspect that has been poorly investigated. Most of the computer codes currently available for nonlinear seismic response analysis (SRA) of soil use constitutive models able to capture small-strain behavior, but the large-strain shear strength is left uncontrolled. This can significantly affect the assessment of a 1-D response analysis and the Leaning Tower's subsoil can be useful for this study as it represents a well-documented and well-characterized site. After a geological and geotechnical description of the subsoil profile and a synthesis of available data, the seismic input is defined. One-dimensional SRAs were carried out by means of a computer code which considers an equivalent-linear soil modelling and two codes which assume nonlinear soil response and permit to use strength-controlled constitutive models. All the parameters were calibrated on the basis of the same soil data, therefore allowing for a direct comparison of the results.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-Dimensional Nonlinear Seismic Response Analysis Using Strength-Controlled Constitutive Models: The Case of the Leaning Tower of Pisa’s Subsoil

et al. 2018

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“…The main under-excavation began in December 1999 and continued through multiple steps until June 2001, when the stabilizing cables were removed. The soil extraction resulted in a reduction in tilt by about 10% (0.54°) which brought the leaning back to the levels experienced in the 1800's (Squeglia and Bentivoglio, 2015).…”

Section: Review Of History Of Construction Work and Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The history of construction is depicted in Figure 1a and has been discussed in literature (e.g. Squeglia & Bentivoglio 2015).…”

Section: Review Of History Of Construction Work and Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seismic Reassessment of the Leaning Tower of Pisa: Dynamic Monitoring, Site Response, and SSI

et al. 2019

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The Tower of Pisa survived several strong earthquakes undamaged over the last 650 years, despite its leaning and limited strength and ductility. No credible explanation for its remarkable seismic performance exists to date. A reassessment of this unique case history in light of new seismological, geological, structural, and geotechnical information is reported, aiming to address this question. The following topics are discussed: (1) dynamic structural identification based on recorded earthquake data; (2) geophysical site characterization using a two-dimensional array; (3) seismic hazard and site response analysis considering horizontal and vertical motions; and (4) soil-structure interaction (SSI) analysis calibrated using lab and field data. A substantial shift in natural period, from about 0.35 s to over 1 s (a threefold increase, the largest known for a building of that height) caused by SSI, a wave parameter (1/ σ) of about 0.3, and a minor effect of vertical ground motion are identified and may explain the lack of earthquake damage on the Tower. Recommendations for future research, including the need to establish a seismic bedrock deeper than 500 m, are provided.

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“…Monitoring the structural integrity of historical constructions is an important topic for the conservation of the architectural heritage [1], that has received a considerable interest both from researchers and practitioners in the last decades [2,3,4,5,6,7]. Within this context, vibration-based dynamic monitoring can be considered as a quite novel approach, if applied to cultural heritage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Results of the Vibration-Based Structural Health Monitoring of a Masonry Dome

Cavalagli¹,

Comanducci²,

Gioffré³

et al. 2016

Proceedings of the VII European Congress on Computational Methods in Applied Sciences and Engineering (ECCOMAS Congress 2016)

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Abstract. This paper newly proposes the use of ambient vibration testing, vibration-based continuous dynamic monitoring and automated modal identification for structural assessment of monumental masonry domes. The final purpose of this research is the development of a general methodology for online structural health monitoring of large domes, enabling early detection of damages caused by low return period earthquakes, in a general framework of preventive conservation and heritage resilience. The case study considered here is the dome of the Basilica of Santa Maria degli Angeli in Assisi, recently added to the World Heritage List of Unesco. The basilica is located in the center of Italy and it was built between 1569 and 1679 on the design of the architect Galeazzo Alessi. It consists of a latin cross plan, with 126 m and 65 m dimensions, with a nave, two aisles and a semicircular apse. At the intersection between the transept and nave the building hosts the Porziuncola, a little ancient chapel, symbol of Franciscan spirituality and pilgrims destination since the construction of the basilica.In order to preliminary assess the structural behavior of the dome, several dynamic experimental investigations have been carried out and ended with the installation of a simple vibration-based monitoring system, based on the use of a few high sensitivity accelerometers, placed at the top and the base of the drum, as well as temperature and humidity sensors. This paper presents and discusses the first results of the vibration-based monitoring of the drumdome system, demonstrating the potential for using similar approaches for the preservation of this special kind of historic structures. 5359

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Role of Monitoring in Historical Building Restoration: The Case of Leaning Tower of Pisa

Cited by 12 publications

References 5 publications

One-Dimensional Nonlinear Seismic Response Analysis Using Strength-Controlled Constitutive Models: The Case of the Leaning Tower of Pisa’s Subsoil

One-Dimensional Nonlinear Seismic Response Analysis Using Strength-Controlled Constitutive Models: The Case of the Leaning Tower of Pisa’s Subsoil

Seismic Reassessment of the Leaning Tower of Pisa: Dynamic Monitoring, Site Response, and SSI

First Results of the Vibration-Based Structural Health Monitoring of a Masonry Dome

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