Role of microorganisms isolated from cows with mastitis in Moscow region in biofilm formation

Abstract

Background and Aim: Mastitis is one of the most important diseases of cows and the most expensive pathology for the dairy industry. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore the role of microorganisms isolated from cows with mastitis in the formation of biofilms under the conditions of farm biogeocenosis in the Moscow region. Materials and Methods: Periodic visits to 12 farms in the Moscow region were conducted to explore the microbial profile of the udder of cows with mastitis. During the visits, 103 milk samples from sick animals were collected and examined. Through microbiological analyses, 486 cultures of microorganisms were identified, which are assigned to 11 genera. Mastitis in cows is caused not only by a single pathogen but also by microbial associations, which included two to seven microbial isolates. Results: It was observed that 309 isolates (63.6%) from the total number of isolated microorganisms could form a biofilm. The ability to form biofilms was most frequently observed in Staphylococcus aureus (18.8%), Escherichia coli (11.9%), and Staphylococcus uberis (11.7%) cultures from the total number of biofilm-forming microbial cultures. Low biofilm-forming ability among the isolated microorganisms was found in lactobacilli, wherein only 20 (22.5%) Lactobacillus strains had the ability to form biofilms. The isolated microorganisms exhibited different sensitivities to antimicrobial agents, which cause difficulty in selecting an antimicrobial agent that would act on all aspects of the parasitocenosis. Conclusion: A high proportion of microorganisms isolated from cows with mastitis have the ability to form biofilms. The isolated microorganisms exhibited different and highly heterogeneous sensitivity to the action of antimicrobial drugs. This causes difficulty in using these tools for the effective control of mastitis in cows, which is frequently caused by pathogenic associations of microbial biofilms. Therefore, it is important to explore novel and more effective methods to combat this disease.

Reduction in Pathogenicity in Yeast-like Fungi by Farnesol in Quail Model

“…has forced scientists worldwide to consider new approaches for antimycotic drugs. A prerequisite is the safety and non-toxicity of new drugs for the patient [ 1 , 6 , 21 ]. One of the crucial factors in the virulence of C. albicans is its ability to switch from yeast to hyphae since the hyphal form can adhere and penetrate tissues more readily than the yeast form.…”

“…The fungus cells acquiring pathogenic properties attach to the epithelial cells of the mucous membrane, primarily to cells rich in glycogen. The fungi then invade the epithelial cells and parasitize their cytoplasm and nuclei, destroying the host cell [ 6 , 7 ].…”

Microbiota of Cow’s Milk with Udder Pathologies

“…Taking into consideration this fact, we have assumed that this genus would be reduced in groups of cows with udder pathologies. The Bifidobacterium genus is one of the markers of “healthy microbiota” and is usually reduced in cows with udder pathology [ 12 , 32 ]. However, we have obtained the opposite data, according to which the genus Bifidobacterium has significantly increased in the group of cows with acute catarrhal mastitis, compared to the healthy group ( Figure 2 ).…”

Fecal Microbiota Analysis in Cats with Intestinal Dysbiosis of Varying Severity

“…In addition, dogs and cats contribute to the psychological development of children with autism, cerebral palsy, and developmental delays and improve the quality of life for lonely, elderly people and patients with cardiovascular pathologies [8][9][10][11]. However, despite the rapid development of veterinary medicine, many issues of diseases in small domestic animals, which are caused by associations of opportunistic and saprophytic microbiota, as well as the improvement of diagnostic approaches, prevention, and therapy, remain poorly understood [12][13][14][15][16].…”

“…The relationship between microbiota and their host does not take place in isolation with each individual but associatively as part of the microbiocenosis, which is an open, unstable, constantly changing group of evolutionarily ecologically related microorganisms [15,[17][18][19]. Under the influence of environmental factors, unsatisfactory nutrition, systematic violations of elementary veterinary and sanitary rules of keeping, failure to fully implement measures to prevent infectious diseases, and irrational antibiotic therapy, the body's immune system may suffer, and as a result, various immunodeficiency states arise in the animal [11,13,20]. As a result, not only conditionally pathogenic microflora are activated but even saprophytic microorganisms.…”