Role of microelements in the development of endocrine pathology

Abstract

Due to the progressive increase in the incidence of endocrine pathology in the world, the issues of prevention and treatment of this group of diseases become topical. Diseases of the endocrine system are often accompanied by the development of comorbidities and complications, which negatively affects the quality of life and survival of patients. Currently, the features of the trace element status in patients with various diseases are actively studied. Numerous modern studies are devoted to the question of the influence of the balance of trace elements on the etiology and pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus, obesity and some thyroid diseases, including autoimmune ones. The role of iodine, selenium, iron, zinc and copper in the development and progression of these diseases has been established, but the results of these studies are sometimes contradictory. This review presents the data obtained by national and foreign researchers on the role of trace elements in the development of endocrine pathology, gives a brief description of the most significant mineral substances, as well as the effect of their imbalance on the structure and function of the organs of the endocrine system. The need for further study of this issue is discussed, taking into account concomitant diseases, as well as the mutual influences of mineral substances on each other, which can lead to a change in the concentration of trace elements in the body.