Role of Microbiota in Strengthening Ocular Mucosal Barrier Function Through Secretory IgA

Kugadas, Abirami; Wright, Quentin G.; Geddes‐McAlister, Jennifer; Gadjeva, Mihaela

doi:10.1167/iovs.17-22119

Cited by 77 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Initial studies in mice suggested that the presence of the ocular microbiome regulates the composition of the tear film, possibly impacting bacterial ability to adhere and infect the conjunctiva . Furthermore, evidence exists to support the beneficial effect of the ocular microbiota in preventing keratitis and other infectious ocular conditions . Characterization of a bacterial community beneficial to ocular surface health may lead to the development of novel therapies to mitigate bacterial disbyosis and conditions associated with it, and should be pursued.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…29 Furthermore, evidence exists to support the beneficial effect of the ocular microbiota in preventing keratitis and other infectious ocular conditions. 29,34,35 Characterization of a bacterial community beneficial to ocular surface health may lead to the development of novel therapies to mitigate bacterial disbyosis and conditions associated with it, and should be pursued. In addition, further investigation of etiologic agents associated with infectious eye disease may contribute to the judicious use of antibiotics, helping reduce the spread of antimicrobial resistance genes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Initial description of the core ocular surface microbiome in dogs: Bacterial community diversity and composition in a defined canine population

Leis

Costa

2018

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initial description of the core ocular surface microbiome in dogs: Bacterial community diversity and composition in a defined canine population

Leis

Costa

2018

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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“…IgA is also recognized as the most important antibody for mucosal immunity, which provides the first line of defense against pathogens and harmful substances in the intestinal tract [185]. IgA synthesis in the liver and intestine is dependent on gut microbiota, as IgA is almost non-existent in GF mice [186]. Conversely, IgA contributes to maintaining health by regulating the composition and function of gut microbiota.…”

Section: Systemic Circulation Related To the Microbiota-gut-liver Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Gut Microbiota in Neuroendocrine Regulation of Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism via the Microbiota-Gut-Brain-Liver Axis

2020

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Gut microbiota play an important role in maintaining intestinal health and are involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acids. Recent studies have shown that the central nervous system (CNS) and enteric nervous system (ENS) can interact with gut microbiota to regulate nutrient metabolism. The vagal nerve system communicates between the CNS and ENS to control gastrointestinal tract functions and feeding behavior. Vagal afferent neurons also express receptors for gut peptides that are secreted from enteroendocrine cells (EECs), such as cholecystokinin (CCK), ghrelin, leptin, peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT; serotonin). Gut microbiota can regulate levels of these gut peptides to influence the vagal afferent pathway and thus regulate intestinal metabolism via the microbiota-gut-brain axis. In addition, bile acids, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), and Immunoglobulin A (IgA) can also exert metabolic control through the microbiota-gut-liver axis. This review is mainly focused on the role of gut microbiota in neuroendocrine regulation of nutrient metabolism via the microbiota-gut-brain-liver axis.2 of 21 formate, acetate, propionate, and butyrate, which are related to maintaining intestinal epithelium and permeability [11]. Further, SCFAs regulate glucose and lipid metabolism as well as immune and inflammatory responses [12,13]. Hence, gut microbiota also plays an important role in immune systems, inflammation, and cancer prevention of the host [14,15]. The enteric nervous system (ENS) is reported to be involved in intestinal metabolic regulation, and enteric neurons and intestinal neurotransmitters play an important role in ENS regulation [16][17][18]. The gut contains full ENS reflex circuits, such as motor neurons, interneurons, and sensory neurons, and these neurons transfer information between the ENS and central nervous system (CNS). The vagal nerve pathway communicates between the CNS and ENS, which has remarkable impact on regulating gastrointestinal tract functions and feeding behavior [19,20]. Thus, the vagal nerve system is also involved in intestinal metabolic regulation through the gut-brain axis. Vagal afferent neurons express receptors for gut peptides, such as cholecystokinin (CCK), ghrelin, leptin, peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and so on, which are secreted from enteroendocrine cells (EECs) [20][21][22]. When vagal afferent neurons sense these types of gut peptides, the corresponding gut information will transfer to the CNS and exert various reactions. At the same time, gut microbiota can regulate these gut peptides, such as CCK, ghrelin, leptin, PYY, GLP-1, 5-HT levels to influence vagal afferent pathway, and then regulated intestinal metabolic metabolism via the microbiota-gut-brain axis [23][24][25].The importance of the gut-brain axis in human health and disease has been known for a long period. However, it has only been re...

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“…Mice treated with antibiotics or raised in a germ‐free environment fail to generate an effective repertoire of sIgA and are susceptible to infections at barrier surfaces. At the ocular surface, it appears that the intestinal and ocular microbiome cooperatively control the tear sIgA, which is required for optimal protection of the ocular surface from infection …”

Section: The Ocular Microbiome‐myth or Fact?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the ocular surface, it appears that the intestinal and ocular microbiome cooperatively control the tear sIgA, which is required for optimal protection of the ocular surface from infection. [64] Despite bacteria being the most well-characterized aspect of the microbiome, the term "ocular microbiome" would also include any colonizing fungi or viruses. Similar to bacteria, analysis of these microbes yielded varied results across studies.…”

Section: The Ocular Microbiome-myth or Fact?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Visions of Eye Commensals: The Known and the Unknown About How the Microbiome Affects Eye Disease

Leger

Caspi

2018

BioEssays

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Until recently, the ocular surface is thought by many to be sterile and devoid of living microbes. It is now becoming clear that this may not be the case. Recent and sophisticated PCR analyses have shown that microbial DNA-based “signatures” are present within various ethnic, geographic, and contact lens wearing communities. Furthermore, using a mouse model of ocular surface disease, we have shown that the microbe, Corynebacterium mastitidis (C. mast), can stably colonize the ocular mucosa and that a causal relationship exists between ocular C. mast colonization and beneficial local immunity. While this constitutes proof-of-concept that a bona fide ocular microbiome that tunes immunity can exist at the ocular surface, there remain numerous unanswered questions to be addressed before microbiome-modulating therapies may be successfully developed. Here, the authors will briefly outline what is currently known about the local ocular microbiome as well as microbiomes associated with other sites, and how those sites may play a role in ocular surface immunity. Understanding how commensal microbes affect the ocular surface immune homeostasis has the potential revolutionize how we think about treating ocular surface disease.

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Role of Microbiota in Strengthening Ocular Mucosal Barrier Function Through Secretory IgA

Cited by 77 publications

References 32 publications

Initial description of the core ocular surface microbiome in dogs: Bacterial community diversity and composition in a defined canine population

Initial description of the core ocular surface microbiome in dogs: Bacterial community diversity and composition in a defined canine population

Role of Gut Microbiota in Neuroendocrine Regulation of Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism via the Microbiota-Gut-Brain-Liver Axis

Visions of Eye Commensals: The Known and the Unknown About How the Microbiome Affects Eye Disease

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