Role of microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids in nervous system disorders

Mirzaei, Rasoul; Bouzari, Behnaz; Hosseini‐Fard, Seyed Reza; Mazaheri, Maryam Amidi; Ahmadyousefi, Yaghoub; Abdi, Milad; Jalalifar, Saba; Karimitabar, Zahra; Teimoori, Ali; Keyvani, Hossein; Zamani, Farhad; Yousefimashouf, Rasoul; Karampoor, Sajad

doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111661

Cited by 144 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 311 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

108

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Akkermansia and [Eubacterium] hallii group produce short chain fatty acids (SCFA) from carbohydrate metabolism. Akkermansia produces acetate and propionate [ 46 ], while [Eubacterium] hallii group produces propionate [ 2 ] and butyrate [ 10 ]. The production of these SCFA generally has a beneficial influence on many neurodegenerative conditions [ 10 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A prospective investigation into the association between the gut microbiome composition and cognitive performance among healthy young adults

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background There is emerging evidence that the gut microbiome composition is associated with several human health outcomes, which include cognitive performance. However, only a few prospective epidemiological studies exist and none among young adults. Here we address the gap in the literature by investigating whether the gut microbiome composition is prospectively linked to fluid intelligence among healthy young adults. Methods Forty individuals (65% females, 26 years) from the DOrtmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) study provided a fecal sample for gut microbiome composition and subsequently (average of 166 days) completed a cognitive functioning test using the Cattell’s Culture Fair Intelligence Test, revised German version (CFT 20-R). The assessment of the gut microbiome at the genera level was by 16S rRNA V3-V4 Illumina sequencing. The relative abundance of 158 genera was summarized into bacterial communities using a novel data-driven dimension reduction, amalgamation. The fluid intelligence score was regressed on the relative abundance of the bacterial communities and adjusted for selected covariates. Results The 158 genera were amalgamated into 12 amalgams (bacterial communities), which were composed of 18, 6, 10, 14, 8, 10, 16, 13, 12, 12, 3, and 11 genera. Only the 14-genera bacterial community, named the “Ruminococcaceae- and Coriobacteriaceae-dominant community” was positively associated with fluid intelligence score (β = 7.8; 95% CI: 0.62, 15.65, P = 0.04). Conclusion Among healthy young adults, the abundance of a gut bacterial community was associated with fluid intelligence score. This study suggests that cognitive performance may potentially benefit from gut microbiome-based intervention.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A prospective investigation into the association between the gut microbiome composition and cognitive performance among healthy young adults

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…TLR-mediated immune activation is eventually leading to systemic inflammation, BBB disturbance, and neuroinflammation [14]. SCFAs deriving from bacteria are involved in microglia maturation and activation, BDNF-production, tight junction regulation in the gut barrier as well as in the BBB, epigenetic and inflammatory processes (light orange, [21,29,[67][68][69]). 5-HT = serotonin; AD = Alzheimer's disease; BBB = blood-brain barrier; BDNF = brain-derived neurotrophic factor; GABA = gamma-Aminobutyric acid; LPS = lipopolysaccharide; NE = noradrenaline; SCFA = short-chain fatty acid; TLR = Toll-like receptor.…”

Section: Parkinson Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Overlapping Mechanisms of Action of Brain-Active Bacteria and Bacterial Metabolites in the Pathogenesis of Common Brain Diseases

Eicher

Mohajeri

2022

Nutrients

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The involvement of the gut microbiota and the metabolites of colon-residing bacteria in brain disease pathogenesis has been covered in a growing number of studies, but comparative literature is scarce. To fill this gap, we explored the contribution of the microbiota–gut–brain axis to the pathophysiology of seven brain-related diseases (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, major depressive disorder, and bipolar disorder). In this article, we discussed changes in bacterial abundance and the metabolic implications of these changes on disease development and progression. Our central findings indicate that, mechanistically, all seven diseases are associated with a leaky gut, neuroinflammation, and over-activated microglial cells, to which gut-residing bacteria and their metabolites are important contributors. Patients show a pro-inflammatory shift in their colon microbiota, harbouring more Gram-negative bacteria containing immune-triggering lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in their cell walls. In addition, bacteria with pro-inflammatory properties (Alistipes, Eggerthella, Flavonifractor) are found in higher abundances, whereas lower abundances of anti-inflammatory bacteria (Bifidobacterium, Coprococcus, Eucbacterium, Eubacterium rectale, Faecalibacterium, Faecalibacterium prasunitzii, Lactobacillus, Prevotella, Roseburia) are reported, when compared to healthy controls. On the metabolite level, aberrant levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are involved in disease pathogenesis and are mostly found in lower quantities. Moreover, bacterial metabolites such as neurotransmitters (acetylcholine, dopamine, noradrenaline, GABA, glutamate, serotonin) or amino acids (phenylalanine, tryptophan) also play an important role. In the future, defined aberrations in the abundance of bacteria strains and altered bacterial metabolite levels could likely be possible markers for disease diagnostics and follow-ups. Moreover, they could help to identify novel treatment options, underlining the necessity for a deeper understanding of the microbiota–gut–brain axis.

show abstract

“…Large number of periodontal pathogens (such as Klebsiella) can be ingested and disturb the intestinal flora (Olsen and Yamazaki, 2019 ; Xue et al, 2020 ). Through the microbial-gut-brain axis, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by intestinal flora participate in recruiting neutrophils, dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, T cells and other immune cells, and arise systemic immune responses (Silva et al, 2020 ; Mirzaei et al, 2021 ). SCFAs activate glial cells network and cause central nervous inflammation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tooth Loss-Associated Mechanisms That Negatively Affect Cognitive Function: A Systematic Review of Animal Experiments Based on Occlusal Support Loss and Cognitive Impairment

Wang

Jiang

2022

Front. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundThere is a dose-response relationship between tooth loss and cognitive impairment, while tooth loss can be an independent risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD). Tooth loss can also accelerate nerve damage and neurodegeneration. However, the associated mechanisms remain poorly understood.ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review of animal experiments on cognitive decline caused by the loss of occlusal support performed over the past 10 years and summarize the possible underlying mechanisms.Methods“Tooth Loss,” “Edentulous,” “Tooth Extraction and Memory Loss,” “Cognition Impairment,” and “Dementia” were used as keywords to search PubMed, Embase, SCI, ScienceDirect, and OpenGrey. A total of 1,317 related articles from 2010 to 2021 were retrieved, 26 of which were included in the review after screening according to predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Comprehensiveness was evaluated using ARRIVE guidelines and the risk of bias was assessed using SYCLE'S risk of bias tool.ResultsThe putative mechanisms underlying the cognitive impairment resulting from the loss of occlusal support are as follows: (1) The mechanical pathway, whereby tooth loss leads to masticatory motor system functional disorders. Masticatory organ activity and cerebral blood flow decrease. With reduced afferent stimulation of peripheral receptors (such as in the periodontal membrane) the strength of the connections between neural pathways is decreased, and the corresponding brain regions degenerate; (2) the aggravation pathway, in which tooth loss aggravates existing neurodegenerative changes. Tooth loss can accelerates nerve damage through apoptosis and mitochondrial autophagy, increases amyloid deposition in the brain; and (3) the long-term inflammatory stress pathway, which involves metabolic disorders, microbial-gut-brain axis, the activation of microglia and astrocytes, and inflammatory cascade effect in central nervous system.ConclusionThe loss of occlusal support may lead to cognitive dysfunction through the reduction of chewing-related stimuli, aggravation of nerve damage, and long-term inflammatory stress.

show abstract

Role of microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids in nervous system disorders

Cited by 144 publications

References 311 publications

A prospective investigation into the association between the gut microbiome composition and cognitive performance among healthy young adults

A prospective investigation into the association between the gut microbiome composition and cognitive performance among healthy young adults

Overlapping Mechanisms of Action of Brain-Active Bacteria and Bacterial Metabolites in the Pathogenesis of Common Brain Diseases

Tooth Loss-Associated Mechanisms That Negatively Affect Cognitive Function: A Systematic Review of Animal Experiments Based on Occlusal Support Loss and Cognitive Impairment

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About