Role of methyl jasmonate in the expression of mycorrhizal induced resistance against Fusarium oxysporum in tomato plants

Nair, Aswathy; Kolet, Swati P.; Thulasiram, Hirekodathakallu V.; Bhargava, S.

doi:10.1016/j.pmpp.2015.10.002

Cited by 27 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In a nutrient deficient environment, plants evolved different mechanisms to overcome nutrient shortages, including the improved production of attractants for rhizosphere microorganisms [53]. Moreover, some studies have reported that mycorrhizal inoculation can boost plant defenses against soil pathogens [54][55][56]. The negative effect of mycorrhizal fungi on the growth of filamentous fungi has already been described in different studies [29,30] while only moderate, not significant inhibitory effects were found in our experiment (Table 1).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Mycorrhizal Root Exudates Induce Changes in the Growth and Fumonisin Gene (FUM1) Expression of Fusarium proliferatum

2019

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In this study, root exudates from mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants growing at low or high nutrient supply were used in vitro to examine their effects on the growth and fumonisin B1 gene (FUM1) expression of Fusarium proliferatum (Hypocreales: Nectriaceae). After one day of exposure to root exudates originating from non-mycorrhizal and low nutrient supply treatment, a significant change in the growth of F. proliferatum was measured, which then equalized after 5 days of incubation. Aside from the fumonisin gene (FUM1) gene, the expression of the mitogen-activated protein kinase gene (HOG1) was also studied using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). After 5 days of incubation, mycorrhizal root exudates significantly reduced the expression of the FUM1 gene, irrespective of the extent of the nutrient supplement and colonization level of the target plant. Similar trends in the expressions of FUM1 and HOG1 genes found in our experiment suggest that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonization did not only affect directly the growth and mycotoxin production of F. proliferatum, but also modulated indirectly a number of other mechanisms. Mycorrhizal inoculation showed potential as a biological control agent in the suppression of fumonisin production by F. proliferatum.Root exudates were collected from maize plants treated, as described previously, by removing all substrate particles from the roots and then submerging them into 50 mL of 0.01 M L −1 KOH according to da Silva Lima et al. [38]. After 5 min, the root system was washed with tap water, then with Agronomy 2019, 9, 291 3 of 11 distilled water and were incubated in Erlenmeyer flasks filled with 50 mL sterilized distilled water for 24 h. Solutions were sterilized by filtration through 0.22 µm Ø nitrocellulose filters (Millipore, Burlington, MA, USA). Concentrations of root exudates were adjusted to a ratio of 1 g of root fresh weight based on the method of Lioussanne et al. [39]. In this way, the effects of various root exudates remained comparable, however, roots from different treatments showed significant differences in weights. The root exudates were kept at −20 • C until use. Culture Conditions and Expression Analyses of FUM1 and HOG1 GenesFusarium proliferatum ITEM 2287 (Institute of Sciences of Food Production, CNR, Bari, Italy) was used in the study. Mycelium for fumonisin production was prepared in 50 mL DM (22 mM KH 2 PO 4 , 2.5 mM MgSO 4 , 85 mM NaCl and 117 mM sucrose, pH 5.9) according to Shim and Woloshuk [40], supplemented with 30 mM ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and inoculated with 10 6 mL −1 conidia. Cultures were incubated at 26 • C with shaking (150 rpm) for 48 h then filtrated and washed with sterilized distilled water and mycelium, then transferred directly to 50 mL of new DM medium. The co-cultures were inoculated separately with 5 mL (concentrations adjusted to a ratio of 1 g of root fresh weight) of each of root exudate (+AM LN, −AM LN, +AM HN, −AM HN). The control treatment was prepared by adding 5 mL of sterilized ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Mycorrhizal Root Exudates Induce Changes in the Growth and Fumonisin Gene (FUM1) Expression of Fusarium proliferatum

2019

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“…In another study, Pedranzani et al ( 2016 ) also reported a significant increase in the levels of 12-OPDA, JA, and 12-OHJA in shoots of Digitaria eriantha after colonization with Ri. In the same way, AMF-colonized tomato plants had higher lipoxygenase activity and methyljasmonate levels that could be involved in the onset of MIR against the vascular pathogen Fusarium oxysporum and the leaf pathogen Alternaria alternata (Nair et al, 2015a , b ). It is possible that enhanced defense hormone levels in leaves could induce a primed state that enables grapevine to better respond to foliar pathogens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Triggers Major Changes in Primary Metabolism Together With Modification of Defense Responses and Signaling in Both Roots and Leaves of Vitis vinifera

et al. 2021

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Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the most important crops worldwide but is subjected to multiple biotic and abiotic stresses, especially related to climate change. In this context, the grapevine culture could take advantage of symbiosis through association with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which are able to establish symbiosis with most terrestrial plants. Indeed, it is well established that mycorrhization improves grapevine nutrition and resistance to stresses, especially water stress and resistance to root pathogens. Thus, it appears essential to understand the effect of mycorrhization on grapevine metabolism and defense responses. In this study, we combined a non-targeted metabolomic approach and a targeted transcriptomic study to analyze changes induced in both the roots and leaves of V. vinifera cv. Gewurztraminer by colonization with Rhizophagus irregularis (Ri). We showed that colonization of grapevine with AMF triggers major reprogramming of primary metabolism in the roots, especially sugar and fatty acid metabolism. On the other hand, mycorrhizal roots had decreased contents of most sugars and sugar acids. A significant increase in several fatty acids (C16:1, linoleic and linolenic acids and the C20 arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids) was also detected. However, a downregulation of the JA biosynthesis pathway was evidenced. We also found strong induction of the expression of PR proteins from the proteinase inhibitor (PR6) and subtilase (PR7) families in roots, suggesting that these proteins are involved in the mycorrhiza development but could also confer higher resistance to root pathogens. Metabolic changes induced by mycorrhization were less marked in leaves but involved higher levels of linoleic and linolenic acids and decreased sucrose, quinic, and shikimic acid contents. In addition, Ri colonization resulted in enhanced JA and SA levels in leaves. Overall, this study provides a detailed picture of metabolic changes induced by AMF colonization in a woody, economically important species. Moreover, stimulation of fatty acid biosynthesis and PR protein expression in roots and enhanced defense hormone contents in leaves establish first insight in favor of better resistance of grapevine to various pathogens provided by AMF colonization.

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“…The resulting hydroperoxides are used as substrates by AOS activating JA-based defenses or by hydroperoxide lyase stimulating “volatile phytoalexins” production ( Bate and Rothstein, 1998 ; Wasternack, 2007 ; Bruinsma et al, 2009 ; Lyons et al, 2013 ; Zhou et al, 2014 ). In AMF colonized tomato plants upregulation of LOX is associated with defense responses against fungal pathogens ( Alternaria solani , Alternaria alternata , Fusarium oxysporum ) and cotton bollworm ( Song et al, 2013 , 2015 ; Nair et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Shedding Light On Ectomycorrhizal Induced Defensesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local Responses and Systemic Induced Resistance Mediated by Ectomycorrhizal Fungi

et al. 2020

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Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) grow as saprotrophs in soil and interact with plants, forming mutualistic associations with roots of many economically and ecologically important forest tree genera. EMF ensheath the root tips and produce an extensive extramatrical mycelium for nutrient uptake from the soil. In contrast to other mycorrhizal fungal symbioses, EMF do not invade plant cells but form an interface for nutrient exchange adjacent to the cortex cells. The interaction of roots and EMF affects host stress resistance but uncovering the underlying molecular mechanisms is an emerging topic. Here, we focused on local and systemic effects of EMF modulating defenses against insects or pathogens in aboveground tissues in comparison with arbuscular mycorrhizal induced systemic resistance. Molecular studies indicate a role of chitin in defense activation by EMF in local tissues and an immune response that is induced by yet unknown signals in aboveground tissues. Volatile organic compounds may be involved in long-distance communication between below- and aboveground tissues, in addition to metabolite signals in the xylem or phloem. In leaves of EMF-colonized plants, jasmonate signaling is involved in transcriptional re-wiring, leading to metabolic shifts in the secondary and nitrogen-based defense metabolism but cross talk with salicylate-related signaling is likely. Ectomycorrhizal-induced plant immunity shares commonalities with systemic acquired resistance and induced systemic resistance. We highlight novel developments and provide a guide to future research directions in EMF-induced resistance.

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Role of methyl jasmonate in the expression of mycorrhizal induced resistance against Fusarium oxysporum in tomato plants

Cited by 27 publications

References 37 publications

Mycorrhizal Root Exudates Induce Changes in the Growth and Fumonisin Gene (FUM1) Expression of Fusarium proliferatum

Mycorrhizal Root Exudates Induce Changes in the Growth and Fumonisin Gene (FUM1) Expression of Fusarium proliferatum

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Triggers Major Changes in Primary Metabolism Together With Modification of Defense Responses and Signaling in Both Roots and Leaves of Vitis vinifera

Local Responses and Systemic Induced Resistance Mediated by Ectomycorrhizal Fungi

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