Role of membranes and activated carbon in the removal of endocrine disruptors and pharmaceuticals

Snyder, Shane A.; Adham, Samer; Redding, Adam M.; Cannon, Fred S.; DeCarolis, James; Oppenheimer, Joan; Wert, Eric C.; Yoon, Yeomin

doi:10.1016/j.desal.2005.12.052

Cited by 897 publications

(494 citation statements)

References 46 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

457

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Therefore, due to the low hydrophobicity of human metabolites, a lower PAC affinity is expected. The low removal of the UV filter oxybenzone and the antidepressant venlafaxine is not explained, however, given the good PAC affinity for those substances reported in the literature (Reungoat et al, 2012;Snyder et al, 2007).…”

Section: Removal Efficiency With Higher Pac Dosementioning

confidence: 93%

“…As organic matter present in wastewater effluent can compete for adsorption sites, larger amounts of activated carbon are required. The efficiency of granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration to remove micropollutants has been studied in some WWTPs, showing a mitigated efficiency depending on the compound and the frequency of GAC regeneration/replacement (Grover et al, 2011;Nguyen et al, 2012;Reungoat et al, 2012;Reungoat et al, 2010;Snyder et al, 2007). Powdered activated carbon (PAC) adsorption, with a dosage of 10-20 mg l -1 , has been proposed as a more efficient alternative compared to GAC treatment (Boehler et al, 2012;Metzger et al, 2005;Nowotny et al, 2007;Serrano et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Treatment of micropollutants in municipal wastewater: Ozone or powdered activated carbon?

Margot

Kienle

Magnet³

et al. 2013

Science of The Total Environment

647

395

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Highlights• Micropollutants are efficiently removed by both ozone and powdered activated carbon• Specific substances were removed more efficiently by ozone• Powdered activated carbon effectively removed a wider range of pollutants• Both treatments significantly reduced the toxicity of WWTP effluent AbstractMany organic micropollutants present in wastewater, such as pharmaceuticals and pesticides, are poorly removed in conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). To reduce the release of these substances into the aquatic environment, advanced wastewater treatments are necessary. In this context, two large-scale pilot advanced treatments were tested in parallel over more than one year at the municipal WWTP of Lausanne, Switzerland. The treatments were: i) oxidation by ozone followed by sand filtration (SF) and ii) powdered activated carbon (PAC) adsorption followed by either ultrafiltration (UF) or sand filtration. More than 70 potentially problematic substances (pharmaceuticals, pesticides, endocrine disruptors, drugs metabolites and other common chemicals) were regularly measured at different stages of treatment. Additionally, several ecotoxicological tests such as the yeast estrogen screen, a combined algae bioassay and a fish early life stage test were performed to evaluate effluent toxicity. Both treatments significantly improved the effluent quality. Micropollutants were removed on average over 80% compared with raw wastewater, with an average ozone dose of 5.7 mg O 3 l -1 or a PAC dose between 10 and 20 mg l -1 . Depending on the chemical properties of the substances (presence of electron-rich moieties, charge and hydrophobicity), either ozone or PAC performed better. Both advanced treatments led to a clear reduction in toxicity of the effluents, with PAC-UF performing slightly better overall. As both treatments had, on average, relatively similar efficiency, further criteria relevant to their implementation were considered, including local constraints (e.g., safety, sludge disposal, disinfection), operational feasibility and cost. For sensitive receiving waters (drinking water resources or recreational waters), the PAC-UF treatment, despite its current higher cost, was considered to be the most suitable option, enabling good removal of most micropollutants and macropollutants without forming problematic by-products, the strongest decrease in toxicity and a total disinfection of the effluent.

show abstract

Section: Removal Efficiency With Higher Pac Dosementioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of micropollutants in municipal wastewater: Ozone or powdered activated carbon?

Margot

Kienle

Magnet³

et al. 2013

Science of The Total Environment

647

395

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For instance, Carballa et al (2004) observed a removal of 20% of E2 in the primary treatment of a Spanish STP, whereas in a German STP, EE2 and E2 were eliminated up to 35 and 29%, respectively (Andersen et al 2003). Snyder et al (2007) reported higher adsorption percentages (75, 78 and 85% for E1, EE2 and E2, respectively), on activated carbon. However, the main advantage of the processes presented in the current work is that estrogens were eliminated mainly by enzymatic transformation.…”

Section: Decolourisation Of a Model Synthetic Dye By Immobilised Laccasementioning

confidence: 99%

Immobilisation of laccase on Eupergit supports and its application for the removal of endocrine disrupting chemicals in a packed-bed reactor

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Laccase from Myceliophthora thermophila was covalently immobilised on Eupergit C and Eupergit C 250L yielding specific activities of up to 17 and 80 U/g, respectively. Due to its superior activity, Eupergit C 250L was chosen for further research. The somewhat lower catalytic efficiency (based on the ratio between the turnover number and the Michaelis constant, k cat /K M ) of the immobilised enzyme in comparison with that of the free enzyme was balanced by its increased stability and broader operational window related to temperature and pH. The feasibility of the immobilised laccase was tested by using a packed bed reactor (PBR) operating in consecutive cycles for the removal of Acid Green 27 dye as model substrate. High degrees of elimination were achieved (88, 79, 69 and 57% in 4 consecutive cycles), while the levels of adsorption on the support varied from 18 to 6%, proving that dye removal took place mainly due to the action of the enzyme. Finally, a continuous PBR with the solid biocatalyst was applied for the treatment of a solution containing the following endocrine disrupting chemicals: estrone (E1), 17b-estradiol (E2) and 17a-ethinylestradiol (EE2). At steady-state operation, E1 was degraded by 65% and E2 and EE2 were removed up to 80% and only limited adsorption of these compounds on the support, between 12 and 22%, was detected. In addition, a 79% decrease in estrogenic activity was detected in the effluent of the enzymatic reactor while only 14% was attained by inactivated laccase.

show abstract

“…High TOrC rejection (>85%) by NF and RO has been demonstrated in bench-, 6,7 pilot-, 5 and full-scale studies 3,4 treating tertiary treated effluent for water reuse. The removal of TOrCs through semipermeable membranes used for these processes is a function of the physicochemical properties of the compound such as molecular weight, charge, and hydrophilicity, as well as of the membrane, such as charge, hydrophilicity, and salt permeability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Removal of Trace Organic Chemicals and Performance of a Novel Hybrid Ultrafiltration-Osmotic Membrane Bioreactor

Holloway

Regnery

Nghiem

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

130

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A hybrid ultrafiltration-osmotic membrane bioreactor (UFO-MBR) was investigated for over 35 days for nutrient and trace organic chemical (TOrC) removal from municipal wastewater. The UFO-MBR system uses both ultrafiltration (UF) and forward osmosis (FO) membranes in parallel to simultaneously extract clean water from an activated sludge reactor for nonpotable (or environmental discharge) and potable reuse, respectively. In the FO stream, water is drawn by osmosis from activated sludge through an FO membrane into a draw solution (DS), which becomes diluted during the process. A reverse osmosis (RO) system is then used to reconcentrate the diluted DS and produce clean water suitable for direct potable reuse. The UF membrane extracts water, dissolved salts, and some nutrients from the system to prevent their accumulation in the activated sludge of the osmotic MBR. The UF permeate can be used for nonpotable reuse purposes (e.g., irrigation and toilet flushing). Results from UFO-MBR investigation illustrated that the chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus removals were greater than 99%, 82%, and 99%, respectively. Twenty TOrCs were detected in the municipal wastewater that was used as feed to the UFO-MBR system. Among these 20 TOrCs, 15 were removed by the hybrid UFO-MBR system to below the detection limit. High FO membrane rejection was observed for all ionic and nonionic hydrophilic TOrCs and lower rejection was observed for nonionic hydrophobic TOrCs. With the exceptions of bisphenol A and DEET, all TOrCs that were detected in the DS were well rejected by the RO membrane. Overall, the UFO-MBR can operate sustainably and has the potential to be utilized for direct potable reuse applications.

show abstract

Role of membranes and activated carbon in the removal of endocrine disruptors and pharmaceuticals

Cited by 897 publications

References 46 publications

Treatment of micropollutants in municipal wastewater: Ozone or powdered activated carbon?

Treatment of micropollutants in municipal wastewater: Ozone or powdered activated carbon?

Immobilisation of laccase on Eupergit supports and its application for the removal of endocrine disrupting chemicals in a packed-bed reactor

Removal of Trace Organic Chemicals and Performance of a Novel Hybrid Ultrafiltration-Osmotic Membrane Bioreactor

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About