Role of Melatonin, Galanin, and RFamide Neuropeptides QRFP26 and QRFP43 in the Neuroendocrine Control of Pancreatic β-Cell Function

Gesmundo, Iacopo; Villanova, Tania; Banfi, Dana; Gamba, Giacomo; Granata, Riccarda

doi:10.3389/fendo.2017.00143

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 112 publications

(141 reference statements)

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“…According to results obtained, the activity of PK in heart tissue of diabetic animals was by 55% less than in the control group. It can be explained by low uptake of glucose by the cardiac muscular tissue from the blood t in conditions of insulin resistance [5]. Reduced glucose uptake by peripheral tissues in turn leads to a reduced rate of glucose metabolism.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Melatonin on the Energy Metabolism in Heart of Diabetic Rats

Kushnir

Yaremii

2019

Act. Probl. of the Modern Med.

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The aim of this study was to determine the effect of melatonin on activity of pyruvate kinase (PK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the heart tissue and on the activity of succinate dehydrogenase (SDG) and H+-ATPase in mitochondria of cardiomyocytes of rats with dexamethasone diabetes. Methods. The research was performed in compliance with the Rules of the work with test animals (1977) and the European Convention on the Protection of Vertebrate Animals used in experiments and other scientific purposes (18 March 1986). The experiments were carried out on 36 sexually mature male albino rats with the body mass 0.18 – 0.20 kg. The animals were divided into 3 groups:1) control group; 2) group with diabetes mellitus DM (BG level ≥ 8.0 mmol/l); 3) diabetic animals which were injected with melatonin. Melatonin (“Sigma”, USA) was injected intraperitoneally in a dose of 10 mg/kg of body weight daily over 13 days. Dexamethasone diabetes was evoked by daily subcutaneous administration of dexamethasone (solution for injection 4 mg / ml, KRKA, Slovenia) at a dose of 0.125 mg / kg body weight for 13 days (O.V. Stefanov, 2001). The mathematical model of the insulin-glucose correlation by the Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) was used to evaluate the insulin resistance in the animals (D.R.Matthews et al., 1985). The blood was taken from the tail vein to evaluate the BG level using “OneTouchUltra” (“LifeScan”, USA). The rats were sacrificed on the 14th day of the experiments in accordance with the ethical treatment of animals. 5% homogenate was prepared from cold-isolated rat hearts on chilled 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH = 7.4) with sucrose. Mitochondria were isolated by differential centrifugation. Enzyme activities in the mitochondrial fraction was determined by: succinate dehydrogenase (SDG) according to the method of Eshchenko N.D. et al. (1992), H + -ATP-ase - for Gabibiv M.M. (1986). Serum insulin content was determined using an automatic immunochemiluminescent analyzer (Snibe Co., Ltd, PRC) using a Maglumi test kit. The insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was calculated by the formula: HOMA-IR = (glucose (mmol / l) • insulin (mcU / ml)) / 22.5. To determine the enzymes activities by standart methods, heart muscle tissue was quickly removed, rinsed in saline, blotted, weighed and homogenized. Then the homogenate (5% in ice-cold 0.25 mM tris-HCl-buffer) was ultracentrifugated (10 min at 1500r/min) and the supernatant was used for measurements. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistica 10 (StatSoft Inc). Prior to analysis, Shapiro-Wilk test was used to assess the normality of the group data. According to the criterion, the samples distributions differed from normal distribution. Given these, use of the Mann-Whitney test was considered sufficient for valid conclusions to be made. Differences were considered to be statistically significant when P ≤ 0.05. Results. In the blood of all diabetic rats on the 14th day the glucose content exceeded 8.9 mmol / l, and the HOMA-IR index increased 7 times. According to results, we have obtained the activity of PK in the heart tissue of diabetic animals was 55% less than in control group. It can be explained by low uptake of glucose from the blood by heart muscle tissue in conditions of insulin resistance. Reduced glucose uptake by peripheral tissues, in turn, leads to a reduced rate of glucose metabolism. That means now substrate for next catabolic changes in glycolysis. The activity of LDH increases by 32% in the heart muscles of diabetic rats compared with the control values. We have found out that the activity of PK and LDH has become normalized by the introducing of melatonin in dose of 10 mg/kg of body weight. In the mitochondria of the animals with dexamethasone diabetes, the activity of SDG and H+ -ATPase is significantly lower than that in intact animals by 45 and 32%, respectively. Probably, melatonin enhances the uptake of glucose by heart muscles. The blood glucose content of diabetic rats, which were administered is not significantly different from that of the intact animals, and the HOMA-IR was 6.3 times lower than that of diabetic rats. The activity of SDG and H+-ATPase in the mitochondria of rats receiving both melatonin and dexamethasone does not differ from that of intact rats. Conclusion. A 14-day introduction of melatonin leads to a marked improvement of the state of carbohydrate metabolism as well as the energy metabolism in heart tissue that is accompanied by the normalization of the indices studied.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Melatonin on the Energy Metabolism in Heart of Diabetic Rats

Kushnir

Yaremii

2019

Act. Probl. of the Modern Med.

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“…During the last decade, a significant amount of data regarding cancer stem cells (CSCs) subpopulation and their role in tumour initiation and progression has been accumulated [3][4][5]. CD44 is one of the most used markers of CSCs in CRC.…”

Section: рефератmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CD44 is one of the most used markers of CSCs in CRC. Even though, the questions of its diagnostic and prognostic value for CRC patients are still remaining open [4].…”

Section: рефератmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most prevalent endocrine diseases throughout the world. In recent years, a considerably increasing number of people have been found as having DM [4]. The increasing incidence of type 1 diabetes coupled with advances in the treatment of type 1 diabetes has resulted in an unprecedented number of older adult people living with and controllable type 1 diabetes [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age-Related Changes of Glycolytic Activity and Antioxidant Capacity in the Blood of Alloxan Diabetic Rats

Kushnir

Yaremii

2020

Act. Probl. of the Modern Med.

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The increasing incidence of type 1 diabetes coupled with advances in treatment of type 1 diabetes has resulted in an unprecedented number of older adults living with and controllable type 1 diabetes. The objective of this experimental study was to assess the impact of aging on the level of basal glycaemia and activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase [EC1.1.1.49], pyruvate kinase [EC 2.7.1.40] and glutathione reductase [EC1.6.4.2] in erythrocytes of alloxan-diabetic rats. Methods: We used 100 male Wistar rats, divided into two age groups: I group included- 2-month (adult) animals, and II group was made up of 4-month (old) animals. Diabetes was modelled by injecting the rats with 5% solution of alloxan monohydrate intraperitoneally in a dose of 170 mg/kg. Blood was taken from the tail vein to evaluate the basal glycaemia on 5-th and 47-th day after the alloxan injection. Rats were sacrificed on the 47-th day of the experiment in accordance with the regulations on ethical treatment of vertebrates. The assessment of the activity of the enzymes was carried out by standard methods. Statistical analysis was performed by using Statistica 10 StatSoft Inc. Results. The level of basal glycaemia on the fifth day of the experiment in the animals of both groups went up on average by 115% from baseline values. We founded that on 47-th day this index was higher in group of old rats by 20% than in adult rats. Pyruvate kinase activity in erythrocytes of adult and old animals with diabetes decreased by 35% and 50% respectively compared with the control. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in erythrocytes of adult and old animals with diabetes decreased by 27% and 45% respectively compared with the control on 47-th day. The changes may be considered as the result of age-related disorders of glucose metabolism due to disturbances in free radical mechanisms. Glutathione reductase activity in erythrocytes of adult and old animals with diabetes decreased by 29% and 35% respectively compared with the control on 47-th day. Conclusion. We have determined when getting aged, the alloxan-diabetic rats demonstrate changes in the sensitivity of pyruvate kinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glutathione reductase activities in erythrocytes resulted from the effect of diabetes mellitus factors (hyperglycaemia). We can suggest that glycaemic control is key purpose for older patients with type 1 diabetes in order to prevent of complication, which can be aggravated with age.

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“…Galanin is a neurotransmitter that regulates different physiologic functions including gastrointestinal muscle contractions, insulin inhibition, comprehension, sleeping, eating, behavior and blood pressure [21]. Galanin displays inhibitory effects in the endocrine pancreas and, like melatonin, reduces insulin secretion in β-cells by binding to Gαi-coupled receptors (GALR1–3) [22]. Galanin is associated with many diseases like Alzheimer, leprosy, depression, gastrointestinal disorders and cancer [23, 24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in thyroid hormones, leptin, ghrelin and, galanin following oral melatonin administration in intact and castrated dogs: a preliminary study

et al. 2019

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Background Melatonin regulates metabolism and metabolism related hormones in mammalians. Castration has some adverse effects on the metabolic hormones of dog. This study was conducted to determine the effects of oral melatonin administration on metabolic hormones, as well as to compare changes of these hormones after administration of melatonin in castrated and intact dogs. Twenty healthy mixed breed mature male dogs were divided randomly into four groups ( n = 5): melatonin (3 mg/10 kg(, castrated, castrated and melatonin treated, and negative control. Blood sample was collected from jugular vein weekly for 1 month. Results T3 and T4 hormones had a significant decrease within 1 month following administration of melatonin. No significant change was observed in concentration of FT3 and FT4 hormones. Leptin and ghrelin hormones also had a significant decrease in this period. Leptin and ghrelin had a more significant decrease in “non-castrated and melatonin treated” group compared to “castrated and melatonin treated” group. Galanin had a significant decrease but this neurotransmitter had no significant change in “non-castrated and melatonin treated” group in comparison to “castrated and melatonin treated” group. Conclusions It seems that daily administration of melatonin capsule in all dogs can probably decrease concentration of T3 and T4 hormones and balance other metabolic hormones following castration. Methods The dogs underwent castration, melatonin treatment and blood sampling.

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Role of Melatonin, Galanin, and RFamide Neuropeptides QRFP26 and QRFP43 in the Neuroendocrine Control of Pancreatic β-Cell Function

Cited by 13 publications

References 112 publications

The Effect of Melatonin on the Energy Metabolism in Heart of Diabetic Rats

The Effect of Melatonin on the Energy Metabolism in Heart of Diabetic Rats

Age-Related Changes of Glycolytic Activity and Antioxidant Capacity in the Blood of Alloxan Diabetic Rats

Changes in thyroid hormones, leptin, ghrelin and, galanin following oral melatonin administration in intact and castrated dogs: a preliminary study

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