Role of material properties and mechanical constraint on stress-assisted diffusion in plate electrodes of lithium ion batteries

Song, Yicheng; Shao, Xianjun; Guo, Zhan‐Sheng; Zhang, Junqian

doi:10.1088/0022-3727/46/10/105307

Cited by 72 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The constant maximum-concentration boundary condition repre sents a potentiostatic state in a battery cathode. This constantvoltage boundary condition has been commonly used in studies of the stress-strain state of LIB electrode materials [10,17,[35][36][37].…”

Section: The Spherical Particlementioning

confidence: 99%

Concentration-Dependent Chemical Expansion in Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode Particles

Malavé

Berger

Martín

2014

Journal of Applied Mechanics

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In this work, the effect of the concentration-dependent chemical-expansion coefficient, /?, on the chemo-elastic field in lithium-ion cathode particles is examined. To accomplish this, an isotropic linear-elastic model is developed for a single idealistic particle sub jected to potentiostatic-discharge and charge conditions. It is shown that p can be a key parameter in demarcating the chemo-stress-strain state of the cathode material under going nonlinear volumetric strains. As an example, such strains develop in the hexagonal-to-monoclinic-phase region of LixCoO 2 (0.37 < x< 0.55) and, subsequently, the corresponding p is a linear function of concentration. Previous studies have assumed a constant value for p. Findings suggest that the composition-generated chemo-elastic field that is based on a linear-p dramatically affects both the interdiffusion and the me chanical behavior of the LixCo02 cathode particle. Because the chemo-elastic phenom ena emanate in a reciprocal fashion, the resulting linear P-based hydrostatic-stress gradients significantly aid the diffusion of lithium. Thus, diffusion is accelerated in either electrochemical process that the cathode material undergoes.

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Section: The Spherical Particlementioning

confidence: 99%

Concentration-Dependent Chemical Expansion in Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode Particles

Malavé

Berger

Martín

2014

Journal of Applied Mechanics

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“…In LIBs, copper is used as the CC for the anode and aluminum is used as the CC for the cathode 1 . In recent years, many researchers have studied such degradation mechanisms as diffusion-induced stress and structural volume changes when Li ions are inserted into or extracted from active materials of electrodes [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] . In contrast, less attention has been paid to CC foils, which play an important role in the cycle performance of LIBs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical properties of commercial copper current-collector foils

2014

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The functionality and reliability of the current collector (CC) are crucial to design and fabricate electrodes for Li-ion batteries because the CC serves as the bridge between external electronic and internal Li-ion transports. Therefore, understanding the mechanical behavior of CCs is of great importance for battery design and manufacturing. In this paper, we report the measured values of the elastic moduli of six commercial copper current-collector (CCC) foils. Measurements were performed using three techniques: a standard microtensile testing machine equipped with a laser sensor, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and nanoindentation. For electrolytic copper (E-Cu) foils, we find elastic moduli of approximately 70 GPa, and for rolled copper (R-Cu) foils, we find elastic moduli of approximately 50 GPa. Values for yield strength and fracture strength of the foils were determined from load-deflection curves; the results are consistent with values recommended by the manufacturer. Crystalline structures, which influence values for the elastic moduli of the foils, were investigated by X-ray diffraction. Surface morphologies of the foils before testing and the fracture morphologies after testing were studied by scanning electron microscopy. Figure 4 Yield strength of CCC foils as a function of thickness Figure 5 Fracture strength of CCC foils as a function of thickness. The inset is the real picture of sample after microtensile test.

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“…While several works have considered the effects of the hydrostatic term, [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] very few have actually included the last two terms (σ kk σ ii and σ k j σ k j ) of the chemical potential in their analysis. [13][14][15][16] Most of the works neglect these terms since…”

Section: E DCmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Song et al 9 developed analytical solutions for the distribution of stresses and concentrations in LIB while in Ref. 10 they studied the effect of material properties on DIS. The authors in Ref.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…11 develop a set of nondimensional parameters related to material properties and geometry to study the overall behavior of the system, including stress generaz E-mail: n.swaminathan@iitm.ac.in tion. A noteworthy shortcoming of the afore mentioned works [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] is that, changes in the material properties of the electrode material as a result of Li intercalation were neglected. Deshpande et al 12 studied the effects of change in Young's modulus of the electrode material on the induced stresses, assuming that diffusion was independent of the elasticity.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Elasticity and Size Effects on the Electrochemical Response of a Graphite, Li-Ion Battery Electrode Particle

Swaminathan

Balakrishnan

George

2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The interactions between electrochemical response, elasticity and particle size of a cylindrical, Li-ion battery, graphite electrode particle is studied. First, a potentiostatic study is conducted to demonstrate the role of higher-order stress terms of the chemical potential on the distributions of flux, stresses and concentrations. Then, two cyclic voltammetry experiments are simulated to study the effects of elasticity on the voltammograms. In the first, the electrode is discharged and then charged, while the second, involves the opposite. Effects of elasticity on the anodic (discharging) portion of the voltammograms are more pronounced in the first experiment when compared to the second. The effects of the elasticity also vary with particle size in different ways for the two experiments. In the first, the effects of stresses on the anodic current increases with particle size and then reaches a plateau at around 30 μm. In the second, a maximum effect of elasticity is seen for a particle size of 5 μm. Our study shows that, stresses induced due to diffusion of Li atoms not only affect the mechanical integrity of the electrode particle, but also change the way the particle responds to an applied external potential, thereby affecting its electrochemical response. Interactions of chemistry and mechanics in Li ion battery (LIB) electrodes has gained a lot of interest recently.1-16 Chemical expansions of varying degrees have been observed and quantified in some of the existing electrode materials (graphite) and in prospective electrode materials like Sn, Al and Si.17 The intercalation and de-intercalation of Li ions into and out of the electrode causes local chemical strains in the latter. During the functioning of the LIB, gradients in Li concentration that arise lead to non-uniform strains throughout the electrode particle. When these chemically induced strains are not accommodated by appropriate deformation of the solid, stresses are induced which can result in local failure and degradation in the performance of the electrode and hence the battery. Local changes in Li concentration also alter the mechanical properties of the electrodes. For a recent, detailed review on the effects of stress-diffusion interactions in Li-ion battery materials and the various experimental techniques involved in their quantification please see Ref. 18. The effects of Li diffusion induced stresses (DIS) are well understood and modeled through the framework of thermoelasticity. The changes in concentration are treated in a manner analogous to changes in temperature, and hence chemical strains are introduced into the constitutive equations of elasticity in the form of eigen strains. The elastic equilibrium equations are then solved in order to predict the stresses, displacement and strains. Stresses also affect the thermodynamics of the electrodes. For example, stresses alter the electrochemical potential of Si by 50mV or more.19 Another associated effect is stress induced diffusion (SID), where the elastic stresses developed in the elec...

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Role of material properties and mechanical constraint on stress-assisted diffusion in plate electrodes of lithium ion batteries

Cited by 72 publications

References 27 publications

Concentration-Dependent Chemical Expansion in Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode Particles

Concentration-Dependent Chemical Expansion in Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode Particles

Mechanical properties of commercial copper current-collector foils

Elasticity and Size Effects on the Electrochemical Response of a Graphite, Li-Ion Battery Electrode Particle

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