Role of macular xanthophylls in prevention of common neovascular retinopathies: Retinopathy of prematurity and diabetic retinopathy

Gong, Xiaoming; Rubin, Lewis P.

doi:10.1016/j.abb.2015.02.004

Cited by 34 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 146 publications

(179 reference statements)

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“…A small body of evidence from experiments in rodents and human observational studies suggests a role for xanthophylls in protecting against diabetic retinopathy (for a recent review, see 61). Diabetic retinopathy is the most common acquired cause of blindness in individuals of working age (47).…”

Section: Roles In Visual Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The growth in obesity rates and life span will increase the magnitude of the problem worldwide (200). Hyperglycemia can lead to damage of the retinal microvasculature, indicative of diabetic retinopathy, through a number of pathways that involve oxidative stress and inflammation (for a review, see 61). …”

Section: Roles In Visual Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Xanthophyll carotenoids might prevent retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), a retinal neovascularization that leads to blindness in children born prematurely (for a recent review, see 61). In ROP, hypoxic damage to the retina occurs as a result of suppression of growth factors needed to complete the development of the retinal vasculature (which supplies the inner retina) and leads to an increased metabolic demand after birth, causing the growth of abnormal blood vessels in the vitreous.…”

Section: Roles In Visual Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent small trials in human neonates indicate that carotenoid supplementation lowers oxidative stress (145) and inflammatory markers (158). A meta-analysis of four randomized controlled trials of L supplementation in premature infants found a 26% reduction in severe ROP (61). Another study (117) observed a lower risk of ROP among very-low-birth-weight infants who received human milk, which contains L and Z (but also many other components lacking in infant formulas).…”

Section: Roles In Visual Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lutein and Zeaxanthin Isomers in Eye Health and Disease

Mares

2016

Annu. Rev. Nutr.

178

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Current evidence suggests lutein and its isomers play important roles in ocular development in utero and throughout the life span, in vision performance in young and later adulthood, and in lowering risk for the development of common age-related eye diseases in older age. These xanthophyll (oxygen-containing) carotenoids are found in a wide variety of vegetables and fruits, and they are present in especially high concentrations in leafy green vegetables. Additionally, egg yolks and human milk appear to be bioavailable sources. The prevalence of lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin in supplements is increasing. Setting optimal and safe ranges of intake requires additional research, particularly in pregnant and lactating women. Accumulating evidence about variable interindividual response to dietary intake of these carotenoids, based on genetic or metabolic influences, suggests that there may be subgroups that benefit from higher levels of intake and/or alternate strategies to improve lutein and zeaxanthin status.

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Section: Roles In Visual Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Roles In Visual Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Roles In Visual Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Roles In Visual Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Lutein and Zeaxanthin Isomers in Eye Health and Disease

Mares

2016

Annu. Rev. Nutr.

178

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“…Retinal ischemia can lead to neovascularization, hemorrhage and blindness. Oxidative stress plays a role in the pathogenesis of both conditions, and earlier evidence suggests that antioxidant supplementation may prevent disease progression [81]. …”

Section: Role Of Lutein and Zeaxanthin In Other Retinal Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macular pigment in retinal health and disease

2016

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Lutein and zeaxanthin, two carotenoid pigments of the xanthophyll subclass, are present in high concentrations in the retina, especially in the macula. They work as a filter protecting the macula from blue light and also as a resident antioxidant and free radical scavenger to reduce oxidative stress-induced damage. Many observational and interventional studies have suggested that lutein and zeaxanthin may reduce the risk of various eye diseases, especially late forms of AMD. In vitro and in vivo studies indicate that they could protect various ocular cells against oxidative damage. Recent research has shown that in addition to traditional mechanisms, lutein and zeaxanthin can influence the viability and function of cells through various signal pathways or transcription factors: for instance, they can affect immune responses and inflammation, and have anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor properties. This review covers the basic aspects and results of recent studies regarding the effects of lutein, zeaxanthin and other carotenoids, such as meso-zeaxanthin, on the eye in different clinical and experimental models and the management of various ocular diseases using these molecules.

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