Role of lymphoid organ spheroids in chronic Taura syndrome virus (TSV) infections in Penaeus vannamei

Hasson, Kenneth W.; Lightner, Donald V.; Mohney, Leone L.; Redman, Rita M.; White, Benjamin Thomas

doi:10.3354/dao038093

Cited by 69 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In addition, the results from the real-time RT-PCR analysis and those by histological analysis (Fig. 2) further support that the acute, transition, and chronic phases of TSV infection occurred following challenge as previously described by Lightner et al (1995) and Hasson et al (1995Hasson et al ( , 1999 (Table 3). However, it did detect TSV in 4 out of 10 TSR L. vannamei infected with Bz01 and in all Kona shrimp infected with Bz01, Th04, and UsHi94.…”

Section: Mean Viral Loads After Tsv Challengesupporting

confidence: 62%

“…Specifically, survival probabilities of TSR shrimp were higher than those of Kona shrimp challenged with all 4 variants. No mortality was observed among L. vannamei in the TSR and Kona L. vannamei negative control group (Group 5).We did not detect characteristic acute or chronic lesions of TSV infection, as described by Lightner et al (1995) and Hasson et al (1995Hasson et al ( , 1999, in the TSR Litopenaeus vannamei that were infected with Th04, UsHi94, or Ve05 ( Fig. 2A,B).…”

mentioning

confidence: 78%

“…The data in Fig. 1 We did not detect characteristic acute or chronic lesions of TSV infection, as described by Lightner et al (1995) and Hasson et al (1995Hasson et al ( , 1999, in the TSR Litopenaeus vannamei that were infected with Th04, UsHi94, or Ve05 ( Fig. 2A,B).…”

Section: Survival and Lesions In Tsv-resistant Litopenaeus Vannamei Amentioning

confidence: 94%

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Comparison of four Taura syndrome virus (TSV) isolates in oral challenge studies with Litopenaeus vannamei unselected or selected for resistance to TSV

Srisuvan¹,

Noble²,

Schofield³

et al. 2006

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Taura syndrome virus (TSV) infection in TSV-resistant (TSR) and TSV-susceptible (Kona) Litopenaeus vannamei (also called Penaeus vannamei) was investigated using histology, in situ hybridization (ISH), conventional reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays, and SYBR-Green real-time RT-PCR analysis. The shrimp were challenged by feeding with minced tissues of L. vannamei infected with 4 genotypic variants of TSV (Bz01, Th04, UsHi94, and Ve05). Survival probabilities of TSR shrimp were higher than those for Kona shrimp with all 4 variants. Th04, UsHi94, and Ve05 gave no Taura syndrome lesions with TSR shrimp. In contrast, TSR shrimp challenged with Bz01 and Kona shrimp with all 4 TSV variants exhibited severe necrosis of cuticular epithelial cells and lymphoid organ spheroids, indicative of acute and chronic phases of TSV infection, respectively. TSV was not detected by RT-PCR in TSR shrimp infected with Th04, UsHi94, and Ve05, or in Kona shrimp infected with Ve05 but was detected in TSR shrimp infected with Bz01 and in Kona shrimp infected with Bz01, Th04, and UsHi94. Real-time RT-PCR revealed that mean TSV copy numbers in TSR shrimp infected with Bz01, Th04, and UsHi94 were significantly (p < 0.0005) lower than those in Kona shrimp. In contrast, mean TSV copy numbers in TSR and Kona shrimp infected with Ve05 were not significantly different (p > 0.4). The results show that TSR L. vannamei are susceptible to infection but give high survival rates following challenge by all 4 variants of TSV. KEY WORDS: Taura syndrome virus · TSV · TSV variants · Litopenaeus vannamei Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 71: [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] 2006 acid sequence . There were 3 distinct phylogenetic lineages in the Americas, Asia, and Belize. Nielsen et al. (2005) also reported that TSV isolates from Asia and the Americas were distinct.Because TS causes high mortalities in Litopenaeus vannamei (Lightner 1996), scientists have attempted to develop TSV-resistant shrimp populations (Wyban 2000, White et al. 2002, Xu et al. 2003. This is important because L. vannamei is the predominant cultivated species worldwide (FAO 2004). We used histology, in situ hybridization (ISH), conventional reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and SYBR-Green real-time RT-PCR to study the course of TSV infection in a population of L. vannamei selected for TSV resistance and in an unselected population. MATERIALS AND METHODSExperimental challenges. We performed experimental challenges with 2 populations of Litopenaeus vannamei to determine possible differences in susceptibility to TSV. These 2 populations were a specificpathogen-free (SPF) Taura syndrome resistant (TSR) stock obtained from High Health Aquaculture, Kona, Hawaii, USA, and an SPF Kona stock (Moss et al. 2005) obtained from the Oceanic Institute, Oahu, Hawaii, USA. These shrimp were derived from stocks certified SPF for a list of shrimp pathogens including TSV for the precedi...

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Section: Mean Viral Loads After Tsv Challengesupporting

confidence: 62%

mentioning

confidence: 78%

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Comparison of four Taura syndrome virus (TSV) isolates in oral challenge studies with Litopenaeus vannamei unselected or selected for resistance to TSV

Srisuvan¹,

Noble²,

Schofield³

et al. 2006

Dis. Aquat. Org.

Self Cite

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“…The histologic changes caused by this disease in the LO, together with the widespread distribution of cocci throughout the tissues, are unique in penaeids, not previously reported and can be used to make a definitive diagnosis of streptococcosis in Gram-stained sections. Unlike the formation of LO spheroids following the sequestration of various shrimp viruses and other small antigenic agents by hemocytes (Hasson et al 1999) or the hemocytic encapsulation of bacteria forming melanized nodules within the LO and other vascularized tissues as seen with a systemic vibriosis (Lightner 1996), streptococcosis in L. vannamei induces a distinctive vasculitis in the LO. The disease is characterized by the presence of cocci-containing cytoplasmic vacuoles (phagosomes) in numerous presumptive hemocytes together with low numbers of small interstitial melanized hemocytic nodules.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Streptococcosis in farmed Litopenaeus vannamei: a new emerging bacterial disease of penaeid shrimp

Hasson¹,

Wyld²,

Fan³

et al. 2009

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Presumptive systemic streptococcal infections were detected histologically in farmed Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles submitted from a Latin American country and the bacteria isolated. Characterization work demonstrated that the Gram-positive cocci form chains, grow aerobically and anaerobically, are oxidase-and catalase-negative, non-hemolytic, non-motile, Lancefield Group B positive and PCR positive when amplified with a universal streptococcal primer set. Differing Streptococcus identifications were obtained using API 20 Strep and Biolog systems, the former identifying the isolate as S. uberis and the latter as S. parauberis. Injection of specific pathogen-free (SPF) L. vannamei with the bacteria resulted in 100% mortality by 3 d post-injection with successful recovery of the agent from moribund test shrimp hemolymph samples. The recovered isolate was used in per os and waterborne exposure studies of SPF L. vannamei with mortalities ranging from 40 to 100% and 80 to 100%, respectively. Histologic analysis of 5 to 8 moribund shrimp from each exposure method demonstrated that all contained a severe bacteremia characterized by numerous free cocci within the hemolymph and aggregates of vacuolated hemocytes with notable intravacuolar cocci. This unique lesion type was most pronounced within the lymphoid organ and considered pathodiagnostic for this disease. Experimentally induced lesions were identical to those in naturally infected farmed shrimp and the Streptococcus sp. responsible was re-isolated, fulfilling Koch's postulates. Five freeze/thaw cycles of 10 experimentally infected shrimp were performed over a 2 mo period and the bacteria successfully cultured from all shrimp at each interval. These collective findings describe the first reported case of streptococcosis in marine penaeid shrimp in the Western Hemisphere and indicate that the agent may be disseminated via live or frozen infected shrimp.

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“…Conceiving the above, application of growth factors has been considered as a promising strategy and in this process the lymphoid cell culture has been chosen owing to its importance in developing shrimp cell lines . Importance of lymphoid cell culture resides in the fact that lymphoid organ is a prime target and the site of replication of most systemic viruses (Rusaini and Owens 2010), such as, Lymphoidal parvo like-virus (Owens et al 1991), Spawner-isolated mortality virus (Fraser and Owens 1996), White spot syndrome virus (Wang et al 2000;Rodríguez et al 2003), Yellow head virus (Chantanachookin et al 1993), Lymphoid organ virus (Spann et al 1995), Taura syndrome virus (Hasson et al 1999), Infectious myonecrosis virus (Tang et al 2005), Mourilyan virus (Rajendran et al 2006), Laem-Singh virus (Sritunyalucksana et al 2006), Rhabdovirus of penaeid shrimp (Nadala et al 1992), and Lymphoid organ vacuolization virus (Bonami et al 1992). Lymphoid cell culture has been demonstrated as a platform for viral shrimp studies (Jose et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifactorial interaction of growth factors on Penaeus monodon lymphoid cells and the impact of IGFs in DNA synthesis and metabolic activity in vitro

2014

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Development of continuous cell lines from shrimp is essential to investigate viral pathogens. Unfortunately, there is no valid cell line developed from crustaceans in general and shrimps in particular to address this issue. Lack of information on the requirements of cells in vitro limits the success of developing a cell line, where the microenvironment of a cell culture, provided by the growth medium, is of prime importance. Screening and optimization of growth medium components based on statistical experimental designs have been widely used for improving the efficacy of cell culture media. Accordingly, we applied Plackett-Burman design and response surface methodology to study multifactorial interactions between the growth factors in shrimp cell culture medium and to identify the most important ones for growth of lymphoid cell culture from Penaeus monodon. The statistical screening and optimization indicated that insulin like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and insulin like growth factor-II (IGF-II) at concentrations of 100 and 150 ng ml -1 , respectively, could significantly influence the metabolic activity and DNA synthesis of the lymphoid cells. An increase of 53 % metabolic activity and 24.8 % DNA synthesis could be obtained, which suggested that IGF-I and IGF-II had critical roles in metabolic activity and DNA synthesis of shrimp lymphoid cells.

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Role of lymphoid organ spheroids in chronic Taura syndrome virus (TSV) infections in Penaeus vannamei

Abstract: Role of lymphoid organ spheroids in chronic Taura syndrome virus (TSV) infections in Penaeus vannamei Kenneth W. asso on'^', Donald V. ~i g h t n e r~, Leone L. ~o h n e y~, Rita M. ~e d m a n~,

Cited by 69 publications

References 7 publications

Comparison of four Taura syndrome virus (TSV) isolates in oral challenge studies with Litopenaeus vannamei unselected or selected for resistance to TSV

Comparison of four Taura syndrome virus (TSV) isolates in oral challenge studies with Litopenaeus vannamei unselected or selected for resistance to TSV

Streptococcosis in farmed Litopenaeus vannamei: a new emerging bacterial disease of penaeid shrimp

Multifactorial interaction of growth factors on Penaeus monodon lymphoid cells and the impact of IGFs in DNA synthesis and metabolic activity in vitro

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