Role of Lower Crust in the Postseismic Deformation of the 2010 Maule Earthquake: Insights from a Model with Power-Law Rheology

Peña, Carlos; Heidbach, Oliver; Moreno, Marcos; Bedford, Jonathan; Ziegler, Moritz; Tassara, Andrés Ollero; Oncken, Onno

doi:10.1007/s00024-018-02090-3

Cited by 26 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…This pattern is comparable to the postseismic geodetic cumulative measurements acquired after the 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule earthquake (Peña et al, 2019) (Figure 8b). We selected this natural example because, unlike the Tohoku event case, the ruptured subduction zone is very close to the South American coast where available geodetic stations are located (Klein et al, 2016;Peña et al, 2019). This configuration provides better constraints to support the relevance of postseismic models.…”

Section: Postseismic Phasesupporting

confidence: 86%

Validation of a Multilayered Analog Model Integrating Crust‐Mantle Visco‐Elastic Coupling to Investigate Subduction Megathrust Earthquake Cycle

Caniven

Dominguez

2021

JGR Solid Earth

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We have developed a scaled analog model of a subduction zone simulating seismic cycle deformation phases. Its rheology is based on multilayered visco‐elasto‐plastic materials to account for the mechanical behavior of a continental lithospheric plate overriding a subducting oceanic plate. The seismogenic zone displays unstable slip behavior, extending at depth into a weak interface with stable slip properties. The model succeeds in reproducing interseismic phases interrupted by coseismic ruptures and followed by after‐slip. The experimental data catalog shows a broad variability of slip events from aseismic slow slips to fast dynamic lab quakes. Results also show the occurrence of both isolated and precursory slow‐slip events arising before the mainshocks. Given the absence of fluids in the model, the broad variability in slip event velocity can be attributed to fault roughness complexity. The model rheology induces also a key visco‐elastic coupling between the elastic overriding plate and the mantle wedge allowing, for the first time, to reproduce experimentally a realistic postseismic visco‐elastic relaxation phase. Preliminary results reveal that the tectonic loading rate modulates this visco‐elastic coupling. A low loading rate weakens it, which increase the amount of storable interseismic elastic deformation, and favors the occurrence of large megathrust events. A high loading rate strengthens it, which minimize the accumulation of interseismic elastic deformation, the slip‐event sizes, and promote aseismic creep. This new scaled‐analog subduction model is a complementary tool to investigate earthquake mechanics and improve the interpretation of geodetic and seismological records.

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Section: Postseismic Phasesupporting

confidence: 86%

Validation of a Multilayered Analog Model Integrating Crust‐Mantle Visco‐Elastic Coupling to Investigate Subduction Megathrust Earthquake Cycle

Caniven

Dominguez

2021

JGR Solid Earth

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“…Although standard models of subduction seismic cycles assume elastic interseismic and coseismic deformation that perfectly balance each other (Savage, 1983), repeated cycles of deformation actually lead to some fraction of nonrecoverable strain (e.g., King et al., 1988; Nishimura, 2014; Peña et al., 2019; Simpson, 2015). Permanent deformation can occur whenever stresses reach the plastic envelope of the upper plate forearc.…”

Section: A Model For Active Margin Shelvesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co‐location of the Downdip End of Seismic Coupling and the Continental Shelf Break

et al. 2021

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The area of a subduction interface that is, frictionally coupled between earthquakes controls the size of megathrust ruptures (Aki, 1967; Mai & Beroza, 2000). Strain accumulation from partial coupling of the plate interface (Lay & Schwartz, 2004; Wang & Dixon, 2004) produces interseismic deformation at the surface, which can be inverted to determine the extent of the fully, or strongly, coupled region on the fault, following the widely used back slip model (Savage, 1983). This procedure has been used for decades to produce maps of coupling over subduction zones (e.g.,

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“…Generally, the use of long‐term dynamic modelling and the inclusion of data indicating long‐term deformation may also be helpful in assessing the stationarity of the deformation rate, an open question ENCOS shares with moment balancing (Avouac, 2015; Holschneider et al., 2014). In some cases, nonlinear rheology may be important for the geomechanical analysis (Peña et al., 2019), although in case the nonlinear rheologies are irreversible, the elastic approximation can present an upper bound on the available power. Furthermore, in some regions, aseismic events may play a significant role in the release of seismic moment (Avouac, 2015; Hirose et al., 1999; Jolivet & Frank, 2020; Wallace et al., 2017) without radiating a significant amount of energy, which may be another significant contribution to the average efficiency.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying Conservation of Energy to Estimate Earthquake Frequencies from Strain Rates and Stresses

et al. 2020

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Estimating earthquake occurrence rates from the accumulation rate of seismic moment is an established tool of seismic hazard analysis. We propose an alternative, fault‐agnostic approach based on the conservation of energy: the Energy‐Conserving Seismicity Framework (ENCOS). Working in energy space has the advantage that the radiated energy is a better predictor of the damage potential of earthquake waves than the seismic moment release. In a region, ENCOS balances the stationary power available to cause earthquakes with the long‐term seismic energy release represented by the energy‐frequency distribution's first moment. Accumulation and release are connected through the average seismic efficiency, by which we mean the fraction of released energy that is converted into seismic waves. Besides measuring earthquakes in energy, ENCOS differs from moment balance essentially in that the energy accumulation rate depends on the total stress in addition to the strain rate tensor. To validate ENCOS, we exemplarily model the energy‐frequency distribution around Southern California. We estimate the energy accumulation rate due to tectonic loading assuming poroelasticity and hydrostasis. Using data from the World Stress Map and assuming the frictional limit to estimate the stress tensor, we obtain a power of 0.8 GW. The uncertainty range, 0.3–2.0 GW, originates mainly from the thickness of the seismogenic crust, the friction coefficient on preexisting faults, and models of Global Positioning System (GPS) derived strain rates. Based on a Gutenberg‐Richter magnitude‐frequency distribution, this power can be distributed over a range of energies consistent with historical earthquake rates and reasonable bounds on the seismic efficiency.

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Role of Lower Crust in the Postseismic Deformation of the 2010 Maule Earthquake: Insights from a Model with Power-Law Rheology

Cited by 26 publications

References 53 publications

Validation of a Multilayered Analog Model Integrating Crust‐Mantle Visco‐Elastic Coupling to Investigate Subduction Megathrust Earthquake Cycle

Validation of a Multilayered Analog Model Integrating Crust‐Mantle Visco‐Elastic Coupling to Investigate Subduction Megathrust Earthquake Cycle

Co‐location of the Downdip End of Seismic Coupling and the Continental Shelf Break

Applying Conservation of Energy to Estimate Earthquake Frequencies from Strain Rates and Stresses

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