“…By analyzing threshold phenomena for the case of a finite-range potential, similar enhancement effects were obtained in ATD spectra [2,3,5]. Such approaches found enhancements also when studying the intensity and/or wavelength dependence of high-harmonic spectra at channel closings [2][3][4]15,46,47]. These successes in reproducing resonantlike enhancements in strong-field processes for the case of a short-range potential suggested that for neutral atoms, a reduced effective ionization potentialẼ 0 should be introduced, instead of E 0 , the basic idea being that in a strong laser field, high-lying energy levels are distorted such that they form an effective continuum that begins lower in energy as compared to the true continuum [2][3][4]15].…”
Section: Prior Analyses Of An Effective Thresholdmentioning
The behavior of strong-field ionization rates of neutral atoms in the vicinity of multiphoton ionization thresholds is analyzed using formal collision theory. Our approach, which accounts nonperturbatively for effects of an intense laser field, shows that the ionization rates have a nearly constant behavior below and above each multiphoton threshold and that between such thresholds there are an apparently finite number of rapid oscillations due to resonances with laser-field-modified Rydberg states. This pattern is typical for any atomic target, as we illustrate specifically for hydrogen and neon atoms. The flat behavior of the ionization yield near multiphoton thresholds gives the appearance of an energy shift of the ionization thresholds, which have been postulated in a number of recent studies concerning diverse aspects of above-threshold ionization and high-harmonic generation of atoms. The flat behaviors of the rates near threshold exhibit only a rather weak dependence on the laser-field intensity. Other aspects of the near-threshold behavior of ionization rates and their dependence on the laser-field parameters are also discussed.
“…By analyzing threshold phenomena for the case of a finite-range potential, similar enhancement effects were obtained in ATD spectra [2,3,5]. Such approaches found enhancements also when studying the intensity and/or wavelength dependence of high-harmonic spectra at channel closings [2][3][4]15,46,47]. These successes in reproducing resonantlike enhancements in strong-field processes for the case of a short-range potential suggested that for neutral atoms, a reduced effective ionization potentialẼ 0 should be introduced, instead of E 0 , the basic idea being that in a strong laser field, high-lying energy levels are distorted such that they form an effective continuum that begins lower in energy as compared to the true continuum [2][3][4]15].…”
Section: Prior Analyses Of An Effective Thresholdmentioning
The behavior of strong-field ionization rates of neutral atoms in the vicinity of multiphoton ionization thresholds is analyzed using formal collision theory. Our approach, which accounts nonperturbatively for effects of an intense laser field, shows that the ionization rates have a nearly constant behavior below and above each multiphoton threshold and that between such thresholds there are an apparently finite number of rapid oscillations due to resonances with laser-field-modified Rydberg states. This pattern is typical for any atomic target, as we illustrate specifically for hydrogen and neon atoms. The flat behavior of the ionization yield near multiphoton thresholds gives the appearance of an energy shift of the ionization thresholds, which have been postulated in a number of recent studies concerning diverse aspects of above-threshold ionization and high-harmonic generation of atoms. The flat behaviors of the rates near threshold exhibit only a rather weak dependence on the laser-field intensity. Other aspects of the near-threshold behavior of ionization rates and their dependence on the laser-field parameters are also discussed.
“…If the enhancements are due to constructive interference of the contributions of long quantum orbits, this is completely evident, since long orbits cannot unfold for short pulses. In the opposite case, for very long pulses, ISFA simulations show that the spectral shape of the enhancements develops extremely sharp, even divergent, spikes [81,140].…”
Section: Intensity-dependent Enhancements In the Ati Plateaumentioning
A review is presented of the rescattering plateau in laser-induced above-threshold ionization and its various features as they were discovered over time. Several theoretical explanations are discussed, from simple momentum conservation to the quantum-mechanical improved strongfield approximation and the inherent quantum orbits or, alternatively, entirely classical methods. Applications of the plateau to the extraction of atomic or molecular potentials and to the characterization of the driving laser pulse are also surveyed.
“…(Note that values for the threshold energies ε 3 -ε 5 have been reported in Ref. [41], taking into account quantum corrections). These threshold energies are related to the maxima of the return energies (in units of U p ) that the active electron gains by moving in the laser field along the 1 j 5 closed classical trajectories.…”
Section: Comparisons Of Analytic Scaling Laws With Tdse and Qrs Rmentioning
We derive an analytic expression for the wavelength scaling of the high-order-harmonic generation (HHG) yield induced by midinfrared driving laser fields. It is based on a quasiclassical description of the returning electron wave packet, which is shown to be largely independent of atomic properties. The accuracy of this analytic expression is confirmed by comparison with results of numerical solutions of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation for wavelengths in the range of 1.4 μm ≤ λ ≤ 4 μm. We verify the wavelength scaling of the HHG yield found numerically for midinfrared laser fields in a recent paper by Le et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 033001 (2014)].
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