Role of Lactate Dehydrogenase in the Prediction of Severity in Pre- Eclampsia

Abstract

Background: Pre-eclampsia is the hypertensive pregnancy disorder accompanied by the proteinuria. Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is a biochemical marker that reflects the severity and progression of pre-eclampsia. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at the Liaquat University of medical and health sciences (LUMHS). One hundred pre-eclamptic women were enrolled and grouped into mild (n=30) and severe pre-eclamptic women (n=70) to ascertain the function of LDH as a prognostic marker and to assess its association with severity and gestational age in preeclamptic women. Results: The significant differences in mean concentrations of LDH between mild and severe pre-eclamptic women (P value '0.0001) and early and late onset pre-eclamptic women (P value=0.049) were found. Significant differences were also found in the LDH range between mild and severe pre-eclamptic women presented with late onset pre-eclampsia (P value= 0.004). Statistically significant differences (P value= 0.019) in the levels of LDH were found with systolic blood pressure and proteinuria (P value= 0.048). Conclusion: LDH is the prognostic marker representing the severity of pre-eclampsia. An increased level of LDH directs the adequate monitoring and management; and by early detection of pre-eclampsia serious consequences and complications may be prevented.

Serum Calcium Levels in Preeclampsia

“…During pregnancy, increased parathyroid hormone and renin due to hypocalcemia cause increased intracellular calcium in vascular smooth muscle; resulting vasoconstriction and enhanced vascular resistance and consequently preeclampsia. Moreover, it has been found that systolic/diastolic blood pressure has positive correlation with lower concentrations of serum calcium, magnesium and zinc in preeclampsia, which indicates the correlation of reduced levels of trace elements with production of oxidative stress, enhanced vascular resistance and hypertension [12,20].…”

A Comprehensive Review on Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) and Uric Acid in Preeclampsia: Implications for Maternal Health and Disease Severity

“…Serum LDH levels have been investigated as a potential biomarker for predicting and managing preeclampsia. Studies have consistently demonstrated significantly higher LDH levels in women diagnosed with severe preeclampsia compared to those with milder forms of the condition, with these differences being statistically significant [ 6 , 14 , 15 ]. Elevated serum LDH levels have been found to strongly correlate with the severity of the disease and adverse maternal outcomes, suggesting its potential utility as a prognostic marker for preeclampsia severity [ 14 , 15 ].…”

“…Studies have consistently demonstrated significantly higher LDH levels in women diagnosed with severe preeclampsia compared to those with milder forms of the condition, with these differences being statistically significant [ 6 , 14 , 15 ]. Elevated serum LDH levels have been found to strongly correlate with the severity of the disease and adverse maternal outcomes, suggesting its potential utility as a prognostic marker for preeclampsia severity [ 14 , 15 ]. These findings indicate that LDH could serve as a biochemical marker to forecast adverse pregnancy outcomes in cases of preeclampsia and eclampsia, facilitating early detection and appropriate management to avert severe consequences and complications [ 16 ].…”