Role of Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) genes in stages of HIV-1 infection among patients from Burkina Faso

Abstract

ObjectivesA cluster of specialized KIR genes of specialized KIR genes has been shown to be associated with susceptibility or resistance to viral infections in humans. Therefore, this pilot study, this pilot investigation sought to determine the frequencies of KIR genes human immunodeficiency virus type 1( HIV-1) patients and establish their potential clinical involvement in disease progression and staging.MethodsHIV-1 infected and healthy individuals were selected for this study. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-HCV antibodies and anti-HIV-1/2 antibody/ antigen were screened using a 4th generation ELISA assay (Cobas e 411 Analyzer, Roche Diagnostics GmbH Mannheim, Germany). SSP-PCR was used to evaluate the frequencies of KIR genes. CD4+ T counts and HIV-1 viral load were measured in patients using respectively BD FACSCount and Abbott m2000rt instruments.ResultsWe found a significant association between the frequencies of KIR2DL2 (OR=4.41; p < 0.001), KIR2DS2 (OR=4.76; p < 0.001), KIR2DS3 (OR=2.27; p=0.004), KIR2DS4 (OR=1.76; p=0.026), KIR3DS1 (OR=2.43; p=0.016) and HIV-1 infection; whilst the KIR3DL1 gene (OR= 0.39; p < 0.001) was associated with protection against HIV-1 infection. HIV-1 replication was found to be associated with the presence of KIR2DS2 (OR=6.08, p = 0.024). In contrary the pseudogene KIR2DP1 (OR=0.39; p=0.026) were linked to a protective status with the highest number of lymphocyte T CD4 counts.ConclusionOur data showed that KIR2DL2, KIR2DS2, KIR2DS3, KIR2DS4, and KIR3DS1 were significantly associated with HIV-1 infection whereas KIR3DL1 was associated with protection against HIV-1 infection. Further investigations are needed to fully comprehend the clinical significance of KIR genes in HIV disease progression.

Association of KIR gene polymorphisms with COVID-19 disease

“…In HIV infection, the KIR3DL1 gene and HLA-B subtypes appear to control NK responsiveness against HLA-negative targets and autologous HIV-infected CD4+ T cells [ 26 ]. In patients from Burkina Faso, KIR2DS4 was associated with HIV-1infection, while KIR3DL1 gene was associated with protection against HIV-1 infection [ 27 ].…”

Association of KIR haplotypes with propensity for developing chronic hepatitis B induced liver diseases (cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma) and HIV-1 infection in a West African Cohort

“…Serological markers for HIV-1 and HCV of HBV infected patients were detected and serological markers for HBV and HCV of HIV-1 infected patients were detected using HIV Human Immunodefi ciency Virus Rapid Test Device (Abon Biopharm Guangzhou, Co., Ltd Chine), HBV One Step Hepatitis B Virus Combo Test Kits (Abon Biopharm Guangzhou, Co., Ltd. China) and HCV Hepatitis C Virus Rapid Test Device (Abon Biopharm Guangzhou, Co., Ltd Chine), respectively to rule out possible cases of infection with these viruses. This was previously described by Sorgho, et al [6,7]. Samples collection, measurement of HBV, HCV and HIV viral markers as well as and quantifi cation of lymphocytes TCD4, HIV-1 and HBV viral load quantifi cation, DNA extraction and KIR genotyping were also previously described by the same authors [6,7].…”

“…This was previously described by Sorgho, et al [6,7]. Samples collection, measurement of HBV, HCV and HIV viral markers as well as and quantifi cation of lymphocytes TCD4, HIV-1 and HBV viral load quantifi cation, DNA extraction and KIR genotyping were also previously described by the same authors [6,7].…”

Immunity at maternal–fetal interface: KIR/HLA (Allo)recognition*

“…However, there are findings that HIV can infect trophoblast cells in vitro, and HIV‐infected cells can also cross the placenta 261 . As for the KIR/HLA axis involvement in response to placental HIV infection, some authors state preferentially activating KIR receptors repertoire (KIR3DS1, KIR2DS2, KIR2DS3, KIR2DS4, and KIR2DL2) is associated with higher susceptibility to HIV‐1 infection in children while more inhibitory KIR repertoire (KIR3DL1, KIR2DL2, KIR2DL3, KIR2DL5, and KIR2DS5) interacting with HLA‐C ligands is associated with newborn protection against HIV‐1 infection 262–264 . According Paximadis et al, 265 KIR2DL2/KIR2DL3 has low expression in intrapartum‐transmitting mothers independent of the maternal viral load.…”

“…261 As for the KIR/HLA axis involvement in response to placental HIV infection, some authors state preferentially activating KIR receptors repertoire (KIR3DS1, KIR2DS2, KIR2DS3, KIR2DS4, and KIR2DL2) is associated with higher susceptibility to HIV-1 infection in children while more inhibitory KIR repertoire (KIR3DL1, KIR2DL2, KIR2DL3, KIR2DL5, and KIR2DS5) interacting with HLA-C ligands is associated with newborn protection against HIV-1 infection. [262][263][264] According Paximadis et al, 265 KIR2DL2/KIR2DL3 has low expression in intrapartum-transmitting mothers independent of the maternal viral load. In addition, the KIR2DL3 homozygosity alone or in combination with HLA-C1C2 genotype was elevated showing weak dNK cell inhibition influence on vertical HIV-1 transmission.…”