Role of intravenous urography and transabdominal ultrasonography in the diagnosis of bladder carcinoma

Abstract

Introduction: The present study was carried out to compare the efficacy of transabdominal ultrasonography and intravenous urography in the diagnosis of bladder carcinoma in those patients presenting painless hematuria.Materials and Methods: Medical records of 100 patients who had both ultrasonography and intravenous urography were studied. The reported findings of these investigations were correlated with those of cystoscopy.Results: Ultrasonography was significantly more sensitive (96%) in the detection of bladder carcinoma compared to urography (87%). By applying the test of equality of proportions, the value of Z is 2.28, which is statistically significant (p < 0.01). In addition, ultrasonography was more sensitive in clarifying the pathology in upper renal tracts i.e. ureteric obstruction secondary to bladder carcinoma when urography failed due to none or poor excretion of contrast.Comments: We recommend the use of ultrasonography as the initial radiological investigation for detection of bladder carcinomas in patients presenting hematuria. Ultrasonography is safe, easily available, cost effective and provides images of both upper and lower renal tract. Patients diagnosed to be suffering from bladder carcinoma by ultrasonography should be scheduled directly and promptly for cystoscopy and bladder tumor resection.

Clinico-pathological features of bladder carcinoma: Experience from a tertiary care hospital of Pakistan

“…Age, gender and racial factors all affect the survival and prognosis of patients with bladder carcinoma [6]. In Pakistan, bladder carcinoma is one of the top 10 malignancies in men and most common urological malignancy in both sexes [7]. However, its clinicopathological features are not well described in the literature.…”

The role of ultrasound and intravenous urography in evaluating patients with hematuria

“…They suggested that ultrasound be used as a cost-effective method in cases of suspected bladder tumor. 17 Moreover, Hoenig and coworkers have shown the value of ultrasound in 5 boys aged 11 to 18 years with transitional cell carcinoma. 18 Ultrasound in the diagnosis of hematuria causes is able to show mucosal lesions greater than 4 mm to 5 mm when the bladder is full, while IVU could not show tumors smaller than 1.5 cm.…”

Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract Neoplasms and in the Elderly.

“…(15,16,17,18) A small proportion of genes is extranuclear, as present in the mitochondria (cellular organelles that are inherited from the mother). (19,20,21,22) The alterations of mitochondrial and nuclear genes and, often, the interaction with environmental factors, contribute to identify five main groups of hereditary diseases. a) Chromosomal.…”