Role of interleukin (IL-10) in probiotic-mediated immune modulation: an assessment in wild-type and IL-10 knock-out mice

Abstract

While the impact of Bifidobacterium infantis 35624 and other probiotics on cytokines has been shown in established colitis, the effects of B. infantis consumption in pre-inflammation of interleukin (IL)-10 knock-out (KO) mice and on the wild-type (WT) C57Bl/6 mice have not been well demonstrated. The objective of this study was to examine cytokine responses in mucosal and systemic lymphoid compartments of IL-10 KO mice early in disease and to compare with control WT mice. Mice were fed B. infantis or placebo for 5 weeks and culled prior to the onset of chronic intestinal inflammation (12-14 weeks). The spleen, Peyer's patches and intestinal mucosa were removed and stimulated with various bacterial stimuli. Cytokine levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. While basal intestinal and systemic cytokine profiles of WT and IL-10 KO mice were similar, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta was reduced in the spleen of IL-10 KO mice. Following probiotic consumption, interferon (IFN)-gamma was reduced in the Peyer's patch of both WT and IL-10 KO mice. Alterations in IFN-gamma in the Peyer's patches of WT mice (enhancement) versus IL-10 KO (reduction) were observed following in vitro stimulation with salmonella. Differential IL-12p40, CCL2 and CCL5 responses were also observed in IL-10 KO mice and WT mice. The cytokine profile of IL-10 KO mice in early disease was similar to that of WT mice. The most pronounced changes occurred in the Peyer's patch of IL-10 KO mice, suggesting a probiotic mechanism of action independent of IL-10. This study provides a rationale for the use of B. infantis 35624 for the treatment of gastrointestinal inflammation.

Probiotics as an Immune Modulator

“…Beneficial effect of probiotics was tested to treat IBD. L. plantarum or B. infantis were able to decrease the level of INF-g in IL-10 knock out (KO) mice that spontaneously develop colitis (13,14). We also demonstrated that administration of L. casei or IRT5 probiotics could prevent or suppress diverse immune diseases (15,16).…”

“…Maintenance of immune balance between the effector and regulatory T cell (Treg) is crucial to suppress development and progression of immune disorders (14,19). Especially, maintenance of immune homeostasis is really critical at the mucosal sites where large amounts of antigens always encounter with host immune system.…”

Probiotics for Autoimmune Diseases: Is There a Benefit?

“…Further studies examined the effect of Bfdbm infantis 35624 on early inflammation in IL-10 -/-mice and wildtype mice of the same genetic background. Pronounced changes occurred in the Peyer's patch following probiotic consumption, with IFN-reduced in both wild-type and IL-10 -/-mice [62].…”

Establishment of an in Vitro Peyer's Patch Cell Culture System Correlative to in Vivo Study Using Intestine and Screening of Lactic Acid Bacteria Enhancing Intestinal Immunity

“…5,19,20) This method is, however, not suitable for the screening of hundreds of LAB strains at once and consumes an excessive number of laboratory animals. Therefore, a system in which PP-cells are co-cultured with LAB may be a convenient and useful tool for estimating the influence of LAB on intestinal immunity.…”

“…[15][16][17][18] The effect of probiotics on intestinal immunity has been investigated using laboratory animals; IgA assessments were conducted using isolated intestine, feces, or a culture of ex vivo Peyer's patch cells (PP-cells) after oral administration of LAB. 5,19,20) This method is, however, not suitable for the screening of hundreds of LAB strains at once and consumes an excessive number of laboratory animals. Therefore, a system in which PP-cells are co-cultured with LAB may be a convenient and useful tool for estimating the influence of LAB on intestinal immunity.…”